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Fertilization techniques for apple trees and vines
First, the characteristics of fertilization technology of apple trees
For apple trees, the absorption of nitrogen fertilizer usually has two peaks in a year. The first peak is synchronized with fruit development and leaf growth, that is, with the rapid growth of young fruit and new shoots, the demand for nitrogen fertilizer is increasing. When the shoots are formed in July and August, the total leaf area reaches the maximum and nitrogen is needed. The amount will reach the highest peak. At present, it is believed that the apple saplings with no results will be 0.075-0.25 kg per plant per year. The urea should be 0.63~0.54 kg; the initial result tree is 0.25-0.5 kg, equivalent to 0.54-1.1 kg of urea; It is 0.5 to 1 kg, which is equivalent to 1.1 to 2.2 kg of urea. The large tree in the fruiting period is 1 to 1.5 kg, and the optimum amount of urea is 2.2 to 3.2 kg. But it must be combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to have the best effect. The application amount of phosphate fertilizer can be compared with the annual dosage of the control nitrogen fertilizer, and the effective component can be used to reach half of the nitrogen fertilizer. For example, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is the first result tree: 0.5 kg of pure nitrogen per plant per year, equivalent to 1.1 kg of urea; phosphorus fertilizer requires pure phosphorus (calculated as phosphorus pentoxide) 0.25 kg. When the effective phosphorus of superphosphate is 11%, each plant needs 2.3 kg of superphosphate. According to the results of the multi-point test of the national apple fertilizer test network, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the adult tree-producing garden is 2:1:2, and the sapling period is 2:2:1. It indicates that young trees need less potassium and more phosphorus; and the result tree is older (the more the results), the greater the demand for potassium, at least not below the nitrogen application level. The orchard should also be applied with organic fertilizer, and it should be adhered to once a year. The application rate is applied at the end of September or early October at the end of September or early October. The whole garden has been turned over and applied under the outer edge of the canopy. The applied organic fertilizer must be pre-cooked.
Second, the characteristics of fertilization technology of vine
The combination of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer is one of the important measures for grape cultivation management. Experienced fruit farmers pay great attention to autumn fertilization. During the period after harvesting, the farmer's fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer. The base fertilizer is applied in a ditch. The ditch is 50 cm deep and 30 cm wide. After the application, the soil is watered. The annual growth of grapes is very large, and it is a fertilizer crop. It is not enough to apply farmyard manure as a base fertilizer. It should be applied to quick-acting fertilizer. When applying top dressing, open a shallow ditch at a distance of 45 cm from the plant, and immediately cover the soil with water after topdressing. Grape topdressing is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer in the early growth stage. The nitrogen fertilizer in the growth period of young fruit is combined with phosphorus and potassium. The berry coloring period and the ripening stage of the branches are mainly phosphorus and potassium, and the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used. Jufeng varieties fall flowers and fruit drop seriously. It is not suitable to trace nitrogen fertilizer before flowering. In the early stage of growth, it can be combined with spraying to carry out root dressing. The new shoots spray 0.3% urea solution in the long-term growth period, and spray 0.3% borax solution before flowering to promote pollination and increase the fruit setting rate. When the berries are inflated to the berry coloring period, spray 2 to 3 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. The concentration is 0.3%, which increases the yield and quality of the berries. According to the survey, the average fertilization plant is about 75,000 kg per hectare per year. The large-scale scaffolding of the grape-producing garden in the old production area will apply 0.15 kg of urea and 2 kg of plant ash per plant per year. The fence frame will apply 0.1 kg of urea per plant per plant and 1 kg of plant ash per year.
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