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1 Apply base fertilizer early. The best period for applying the base fertilizer is from early September to late November. The earlier the better, the better the root growth period. The roots are easy to heal, new roots are easy to occur, and the fertilizer is well absorbed. Greatly increase the level of organic nutrient accumulation in fruit trees. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, and can be selected from biogas slurry, human waste, chicken manure, sheep manure, cow dung, grass dung, etc., and should be fully decomposed when applied, to prevent the manure from “biting†roots, earthworms and tigers. If the underground pests are serious, they should be mixed with an appropriate amount of insects. The minimum amount of organic fertilizer should be mastered by the standard of “jinjinjinjinâ€, and the dosage should be increased in the new year. The application of organic fertilizer should be carried out in combination with the orchard. The depth is 60-100 cm. The crop straw is difficult to decompose and the fertilizer effect should be deeper.
2 skillfully apply top dressing. According to the tree potential, the type and amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the tree potential. The phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be mainly used in Wangshu, and the nitrogen fertilizer should be less. The nitrogen fertilizer with a slightly lower nitrogen content should be used. The weak tree and the senescent tree should increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Use urea with higher nitrogen content; in addition to a large number of elements, topdressing should also pay attention to the application of trace elements such as calcium, zinc, boron, iron; in the production, the amount of fertilizer is often combined with the yield to consider, generally 100 kg of fruit 0.7 Kilograms of pure nitrogen, 0.35 kilograms of pure phosphorus, and 0.7 kilograms of pure potassium are preferred. The empirical topdressing is suitable for 4 to 5 times a year: early spring sprouting fertilizer is also called pre-flowering fertilizer, applied 1 to 2 weeks before germination, mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, mainly for fruit tree flowering to prepare nutrients, juvenile tree, weak tree, thin The land should pay attention to the pre-flowering fertilizer, and increase the dosage appropriately. However, the young sapling tree or the spring rainy area can not be applied; the post-flowering fertilizer is also called the stable fruit fertilizer, and can be applied after the flowering period to the fruit setting period, mainly based on phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Improve fruit set rate, promote young fruit development, reduce physiological fruit drop, small tree should pay attention to post-flower fertilizer and increase the amount; flower bud differentiation fertilizer, generally from the end of May to early June (based on Fuji), some areas often After flowering, the fertilizer is applied at the same time, mainly based on phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The main function is to increase the leaf area, promote the synthesis of carbohydrates, and create conditions for flower bud differentiation. The tree should be paid attention to; the fruit expansion fertilizer is applied in early July, with potassium fertilizer as Mainly, the main function is to accelerate the expansion of young fruit, improve yield and quality, the tree must be applied to the tree, otherwise the fruit is small; the coloring fertilizer is applied in the late stage of fruit growth, mainly based on phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the tree can supplement the later nutrient Insufficient to improve fruit quality. Top dressing should not be too deep, preferably 10 to 40 cm. It should not be too far or too close to the fruit trees. It should be applied to the dense parts of the fruit trees. In the production, the periphery of the fruit trees is generally good. Specifically determine the number of times of topdressing, time and amount of topdressing should be flexibly controlled according to the actual situation. It is necessary to vigorously promote fruit tree nutrition diagnosis and soil testing and formula fertilization, according to local conditions, due to tree fertilization, the need for fruit trees shall prevail, less application, diligence, ensuring no fertilizer For the principle.
3 Diligent application of foliar fertilizer. Foliar spray fertilizer is simple and easy to use and has quick fertilizer effect. It can quickly supplement the lack of nutrients in the tree. It should be sprayed continuously during the critical period of fruit tree fertilizer. The fertilizer can be selected from biogas slurry (usually stock solution), amino acid (400-600 times), photosynthetic Micronutrient (800 to 1000 times), urea (300 times), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (400 to 600 times), and the like. Foliar spray application after harvesting in autumn can also improve leaf photosynthetic efficiency and increase organic nutrient accumulation. The following aspects should be paid attention to in production: foliar spray fertilizer must be carried out after 3 pm on a clear and windless day, and it should not be applied on rainy days; the back of the leaf must be sprayed (the distribution of stomata on the back of the leaf is more than the front, and the absorption is better); Every 7 to 10 days, for 2 to 3 times in a row; strictly control the concentration, the temperature is high, the wind speed is high and the evaporation of the fertilizer liquid is faster and concentrated, the concentration should be appropriate, the young leaves should be small, the old leaves should be appropriate. Increase the concentration.
Finally, we must remind everyone that there are five combinations in the implementation of the three key points of fruit tree fertilization: organic-inorganic combination, NPK combination, combination of a large number of elements and trace elements, combination of base fertilizer and top dressing, and combination of soil application and root dressing . Only by following three key points and achieving five combinations, can fruit trees truly achieve scientific and rational fertilization in order to achieve high yield, stable yield and high quality.
Fruit tree fertilization technology points
Rational fertilization can regulate the tree growth, coordinate the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, adjust and prevent large and small years, increase production, and improve quality. It is an important part of orchard management. In the years of production practice, we have summarized the three technical points of fertilization of fruit trees, namely “base fertilizer early, topdressing skill, spray fertilizerâ€, which is introduced as follows:
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