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Influencing factors and preventive measures of malaria malformation
First, the soil factor
(1) The quality of the soil directly affects the growth of yam tubers. The yam grown in black clay has many tuber curvatures and large foot stalks. The roots of the tuber are thick and hairy. The yam tubers growing in the sandy soil are slender and not thick enough.
(2) The groundwater level of the soil is too shallow, the growth of the yam plants is not strong, and the roots and tubers are susceptible to waterlogging.
(3) The pests and diseases in the continuous plot soil increase, and the tuber skin color becomes darker and the quality deteriorates due to the hormone secreted by the roots.
Preventive measures:
(1) The plots that have not been cultivated with yam are selected for production and cultivation, and can be continuously cultivated for 3 years. In the second year, the ridges of the cultivated yam are ditched in the first year, and the third year is planted in the cultivation ditch of the first year.
(2) Choosing high-dry, well-drained, sandy loam or loam with deep soil layers requires uniform soil quality.
Second, the planting factors
(1) The depth of trenching is not enough. The yam gully is too shallow, and the basal-end meristem of the yam tuber begins to grow laterally after elongating to the bottom of the ditch, and grows into a large ankle or a curved yam.
(2) The soil in the ditch is uneven. During the growth process, the yam tuber is prone to bending or deformation after encountering bricks, stones and hard clods.
(3) Yam seeds and mouths are improperly placed. Due to improper placement of the mouth, 2-3 stems are produced. If not treated in time, multiple tubers are easily formed in the ground, which affects the quality of the yam.
Preventive measures:
(1) Digging trenches should be deep enough, and the depth of trenching varies with yam varieties, but most yam tubers are 1-1.3 m long and trenches should be above 1.3 m.
(2) Before the planting of yam, the organic fertilizer was mixed, and the soil layer of 20-30 cm in the yam gully was rotated three times to make the soil and fertilizer evenly mixed, and the soil in the 20-30 cm soil layer was small.
(3) When placing seeds and mouths, the strong buds should have a 45-degree oblique angle with the ground, maintain the top edge of the strong buds, inhibit the growth of other buds, and the strong buds should be placed sideways to facilitate the growth of the stems and the yam below. Elongation.
Third, management factors
(1) Too much rain, or improper watering, causing collapse of the ditch, causing the growth of the yam tuber to be affected and deformed.
(2) Pests such as cockroaches and cockroaches bite the yam tuber or basal meristem, causing insect eyes or bifurcation.
(3) Root nematodes, anthracnose, stem rot and other harmful yam leaves and tubers affect the quality of yam.
Preventive measures:
(1) Watering should be timely and appropriate, and the water should be removed in time during the rainy season to prevent collapse.
(2) The organic fertilizer should be piled up and cooked, and mixed with a small amount of trichlorfon to kill the bacteria and pests in the organic fertilizer.
(3) When planting, use 500-800 times of liquid carbendazim to soak seeds, and sprinkle sand or bran with trichlorfon in the planting ditch.
(4) From the beginning of June, spray methyl thiophanate and mancozeb 500 times every half month to prevent and kill germs and avoid large-scale outbreaks of diseases.
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