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Infrared camera technology classification
After infrared technology was discovered by British astronomer Herschel in 1800, more and more scientists were studying how to apply it in various occasions. The application of active infrared camera technology in security monitoring has been rapid for more than 20 years. The development of technology is more mature. Infrared cameras are developing and growing at lightning speed, and the types of products are constantly diversifying, and the application fields are being further expanded. To sum up, there are the following types:
First, the halogen camera infrared camera that has been eliminated: the halogen lamp has very strong luminous power. Of course, the power consumption and heat generation will be relatively large, and the cost is relatively high. Its fatal disadvantage is its large size, insufficient heat dissipation, and very short life span. Generally within a thousand hours, and the red storm phenomenon is particularly serious, it is not suitable for civilian night vision surveillance. Halogen Infrared Cameras have large power and have optical and thermal conversion of filters. Therefore, the problem of heat generation is particularly serious. The maintenance cost is high and the service life is short.
Second, LED infrared camera: LED infrared light is composed of a certain number of infrared light emitting diodes. Infrared Emitting Diode A PN junction is made of a material with high infrared radiation efficiency (commonly used gallium arsenide GaAs). A forward bias voltage is applied to the PN junction to inject infrared light, and the spectral power distribution is center wavelength of 830 to 950 nm. About 40nm or so, it is a narrowband distribution, which is a range that can be sensed by a CCD camera. LED infrared cameras are generally suitable for medium and short distances of 10 to 100 meters, and have the highest market share. However, there is a problem of non-uniform illumination. They are mainly suitable for corridors, halls, warehouses and other interior and exterior buildings, community perimeters, roads, etc. monitor.
Third, the LED array infrared camera: The core of the array infrared lamp is an LED array. Compared with the traditional LED, the LED array has the following advantages: 1. The brightness is high, the output of a single LEDArray is about 1W-30W, and the brightness is about It is tens of times of the output of conventional single LED 5~15mW, so the range is far away; 2. The efficiency of electro-optical conversion is high, the electro-optic conversion efficiency of common infrared LED is only about 10%, and the efficiency of electro-optical conversion of LEDArray is improved to 25%. Left and right; 3, small size, LEDArray technology will be highly integrated lighting unit, under the same brightness indicators than ordinary LED infrared light product volume is much smaller; 4, long life, LEDArray's life is 50,000h, much higher than the average LED life . Array infrared lamp products have a clear deficiency, namely "eccentricity." Since the light emitting angle can reach 120-180 degrees, it is necessary to reduce the light transmission angle through the lens to match the camera lens. This inevitably causes a lot of light to deviate from the center of the lens, resulting in poor light transmission efficiency. The application scope of the LED array infrared camera is basically the same as that of the LED infrared camera, and is more suitable for short-distance monitoring applications such as indoor and building exteriors, community perimeters, and roads in halls and warehouses.
Fourth, dot matrix infrared cameras use dot matrix infrared light sources. The third-generation infrared light-emitting components used in dot-matrix infrared lamps are based on the second-generation product, the array-based infrared (LED--Array), and are also called second-generation LED-Arrays. Compared with the first generation, the second-generation LED-Array has the advantages of small size, good heat dissipation, low attenuation, long life, and a rated life of 50,000 hours. The dot matrix infrared lamp is also called high-power array infrared. The biggest difference from the low-power array infrared is higher brightness and lower cost, and through the independent lens, the light distribution angle can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the use demand, so that it can be solved simultaneously. The first generation of "flashlight effects" and the second generation of "eccentricity."
Fifth, the laser infrared camera: laser infrared camera irradiation distance is generally up to 300 ~ 5000 meters, due to energy concentration, the angle is not close to the short distance, the current cost is still high. It is more suitable for the monitoring of forest fire prevention, oil fields, railways, water conservancy, scenic spots, military, aquaculture, ports, and security markets. With the further reduction of costs, it has been applied to many areas that require night vision surveillance including the community. . Therefore, infrared cameras need to determine the type of camera according to the specific use environment, especially the night environment.
Infrared camera installation and commissioning <br> <br> a Installation Notes 1. debugging infrared lamp must be at night. The infrared beam illumination position is adjusted at night through an imaging device such as a monitor. And can effectively adjust the lens aperture settings.
2. The infrared light can't directly face the camera. The infrared light seen by the camera is the same as the sunlight that humans see.
3. The infrared lamp is not necessarily installed in the same position as the camera. If the camera is far away from the illuminated object, consider installing the infrared lamp between the two. The best way to install in the same location is to install the infrared lamp and the camera in an overlapping manner.
4. The installation height of the infrared lamp should not exceed 4 meters, too high will affect the reflectivity of light. The angle should be from the top down angle of 20 degrees, and the elevation angle is too large to reflect.
5. The working indicator of the infrared lamp must be guaranteed (see the product specification for details). For example, the power supply of the infrared lamp must be higher than the operating power of the infrared lamp itself.
6. The user must first read the instruction manual carefully when using the infrared light, especially the precautions to ensure personal safety. Check whether the supporting aspects mentioned in the previous section meet the requirements. Whether the influencing factors that should be taken into consideration should be taken into consideration, if not meet the requirements, the equipment used can be adjusted in time.
Second, the use of matters needing attention Angle problem: First of all, the use of large-angle infrared light with a small viewing angle of the lens, there is a waste of light. Second, not the larger the infrared light emission angle, the better the screen effect.
The problem of the amount of light passing: the relative aperture determines the light transmission capability of the lens, and the relative light flux of the lens whose aperture is f1.0 is four times that of the lens of the relative aperture f2.0. The same camera and infrared light are used together with the above two types. Lens, infrared action distance can be doubled. Large-aperture lens in the infrared monitoring, than the conventional ordinary lens is four to ten times better, it stands to reason that infrared night vision monitoring must be supporting products. However, due to high costs, technical difficulties, Most infrared product manufacturers do not have the ability to supply.
Focus shift problem: visible light and infrared light due to different wavelengths, imaging focus is not on a plane, resulting in clear images in the daytime visible light conditions, and nighttime infrared light conditions blurred, or night infrared light conditions, clear images, daytime visible light conditions Under the image is blurred. It can be solved in three ways. First, the use of autofocus integrated camera; Second, the use of special focus does not shift the lens; Third, the use of professional adjustment tools, under the existing lens conditions can also be achieved Not offset.
Color problem: All black-and-white cameras are sensitive to infrared light. Infrared light is a stray light for color cameras under visible light conditions, which can reduce the resolution and color reproduction of color cameras. The filters of color cameras are blocking. Infrared imaging. In order to make the infrared color camera infrared sensor, there are two methods. First, switch the filter to block the infrared light from entering under the visible light condition; remove the filter under the condition of no visible light and let the infrared light enter. The quality of the image obtained by this solution is good, but the cost is high and the switching mechanism will cause a certain failure rate. Second, a specific infrared channel is opened on the filter, allowing infrared rays with the same wavelength as the infrared lamp to come in. The method does not increase the cost, but the color reproduction is slightly worse.
Infrared night vision in the end can do so far? Technology home, more than 100 meters of infrared night vision system is not difficult. Technology home, refers to the need to simultaneously master infrared light technology, infrared sensor camera technology and infrared sensor lens technology, The three are indispensable. Now the products on the market have been more than 500 meters away from the market, but the cost is relatively high, and the civilian market is still relatively limited.
Infrared camera type identification and installation debugging
With the increasing demand for night vision surveillance in security video surveillance system engineering, infrared cameras have entered the mainstream market of cameras, and sales volume has been increasing.