New bionic nanocomposite fiber material is both strong and tough

The reporter learned from the University of Science and Technology of China that the research team of Professor Yu Shuhong of the school used the strategy of natural biological fibers to successfully develop a strong and tough macro-scale cellulose-based nano-composite fiber material. Related results were published online in the National Science Review a few days ago.

Nano-scale cellulose is the most abundant nano-scale raw material on earth. Its low density, good thermal stability and excellent mechanical properties are also degradable, renewable, and sustainable, and it has attracted a lot of attention. However, the contradiction between the strength and toughness of the artificially prepared cellulose-based macro-fiber material is still difficult to solve, and the problems of low toughness and brittle fracture severely limit the practical application of such materials in the field of advanced fabrics.

Looking back at nature, many plant fibers and animal fibers have achieved the perfect combination of high strength and high toughness. They have some commonalities: they are all natural nanocomposites, composed of highly oriented high-strength nanofiber units wrapped in a softer organic matrix, and have a highly ordered multi-level spiral winding structure.

The researchers used high-strength bacterial nanocellulose as the reinforcing element and sodium alginate biomacromolecule as the organic matrix, and spun the composite aqueous solution of the two into solution to obtain a single-oriented macroscopic nano-composite fiber with tensile strength initially improved . The tensile strength of the simple sodium alginate macro fibers is 190 MPa, while the tensile strength of the obtained nanocomposite fibers is increased to 420 MPa. Subsequently, through multi-stage spiral winding structure design, they obtained macro artificial fiber materials with similar bio-fiber structural characteristics. Their tensile strength continued to increase by 25%, and their elongation at break and toughness increased by nearly 50% and 100%, respectively. The final tensile strength and elongation at break can reach 535 MPa and 16% respectively.

The highest tensile strength obtained by this achievement is comparable to high-performance cellulose-based natural plant fibers. This bionic fiber structure design strategy is expected to be applied to the design and preparation of other complex grade structural materials. (Reporter Wu Changfeng)

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