[Personal protection] The development of protective glasses in China

Since fireworks and firecrackers have been banned from changing in many cities across the country, fireworks and protective glasses have gradually become accepted by the general public. The protective lens lenses are made of advanced polycarbonate raw materials for processing and strengthening, and the strength can withstand the close shooting of steel ball guns. The protective glass weighs only 30 grams and is available for adults and children. The box shows the correct method for setting off fireworks. In addition, the colored lenses of the goggles can also increase brightness at night. Zhang Binshe

The importance of the eye to the human body is self-evident. At the same time, the eyes are also very fragile human organs. Especially in the production process, due to the infringement of foreign materials, toxic gases, etc., the eyes are easily injured, so protective glasses come in handy.

At 5:30 pm on November 1st, a man supported his coworker and rushed to the Eye Center of the Fujian General Hospital to seek medical assistance. I saw a wound with a 2 cm-long nail on the eye of the wounded person and a V-shaped cross nail on the eyeball. It turned out that the man was a decoration worker. When using a nail gun, he did not shoot a nail with a few triggers. He felt that the nail gun was jammed. He turned the nail gun and turned his left eye to see what happened. He didn't see the problem and he took the trigger again. As a result, a nail is injected into the left eye. Fortunately, only the ends of the nails are whitened and the cornea is not damaged. If this worker had goggles at the time, this accident would not have occurred.

Eyes are vulnerable to damage during production

It is understood that occupational ocular trauma accounts for about 5% of the total industrial injury, and accounts for 50% of trauma in eye hospitals. According to statistics published by the China Eye Trauma Conference, ocular trauma is 1%-3% in the country's workers, while some industrial departments are as high as 34%. In the production process, common industrial eye injury factors include foreign body eye injury, chemical eye injury, non-ionizing radiation eye injury, ionizing radiation eye injury, and microwave and laser eye injury.

Casting, machine building, and construction are the main departments in which ocular trauma to foreign bodies occurs. Most small particles can be washed away by tears, but foreign bodies left inside the eyelid, embedded in the cornea, or on the surface of the sclera can cause ulcers and infections if not removed in time. Some solid foreign bodies are quickly eliminated (such as metal scraps of rotating chips or broken particles of metal objects). If the eyeball is hit, severe rupture of the eyeball can occur.

Chemical eye damage refers to the acid-alkali liquid or corrosive fumes that enter the eye during the production process and can cause corneal burns, such as the use of sodium hydroxide, handling of calcium oxide cans, and delivery of pipes containing corrosive liquids or gases. There are cyanide or nitrite splashes when the metal is quenched.

Non-ionizing radiation eye damage, including visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared light, at a wavelength of 100 nm. Ultraviolet radiation can cause conjunctivitis, photophobia, pain, tearing, blepharospasm and other symptoms, because this type of symptoms occurs in welders, it is often referred to as "electrooptic ophthalmia", is a common occupational eye disease in industry. Infrared radiation produces thermal effects in the eye tissue, causing chronic eyelid verification or crystal turbidity (occupational cataracts). Visible glare can cause eye fatigue, eyelid and conjunctivitis, but these symptoms are temporary and do not leave pathological changes.

Ionizing radiation occurs mainly in the nuclear industry, nuclear power plants (such as nuclear power plants, nuclear submarines), nuclear explosions, high-energy physics experiments, medical diagnosis, and isotope treatments. If the eyes are subject to electric radiation, serious consequences can occur. When the total dose absorbed more than 2 Gy, people began to develop cataracts and their incidence increased with the increase of total dose.

Damage to the human eye by microwaves is mainly due to the thermal effects that cause cloudiness of the crystals, resulting in the occurrence of "cataracts." Lasers have many applications in industry, medical care, and scientific research. If the laser is projected onto the retina, it can cause burns, and lasers larger than 0.1mW can cause eye bleeding, protein coagulation, melting, and permanent blindness.

There are so many kinds of injuries that the eye can easily suffer. Eye protection products are particularly important. Glasses are functionally divided into vision correction, eye protection and decoration. The eye protection glasses mainly include sunglasses series, sports mirror series and occupational labor protection glasses series. With the development and progress of science and technology, eye protection mirrors have evolved from simple flat mirrors to lenses that can be made with different diopters according to the needs of users.

Individual eye protection refers to labor protection in industrial production activities. It involves the eye and face protection of individual workers in different occupations. These products are collectively referred to as occupational protective glasses. In general, industrial eye protection glasses can be divided into two kinds of anti-foreign safety goggles and light-proof goggles. Anti-fog goggles are classified into the following categories: safety goggles, protective products that protect against harmful substances from the eyes, such as eye-protective eye goggles and chemical eye goggles; sun-protected goggles: products that protect against harmful radiation damage, such as Welding goggles and kiln goggles, laser goggles and anti-microwave goggles and other products.

Another eye protection product is a protective mask that can protect the face of a human body at the same time, and is mainly divided into two types: a safety type and a light-shielding type. Safe type, can prevent the harm of solid and liquid harmful objects to the eyes and face, such as tempered glass masks, plexiglass masks; shading protective masks are products to prevent harmful radiation damage to the eye surface, such as welding masks.

In industrial production, production workers, including decoration workers, auto repair workers, and steel workers, are all vulnerable to eye injuries. Therefore, it is best to wear goggles when working on site to prevent accidental eye injuries.

Relatively backward standards cannot keep up with social development

Industrial protective glasses, the beneficiary object is each independent individual worker or consumer, the quality of the product directly relates to the physical and mental health of the workers and consumers. Therefore, the development of standards, technical indicators and quality inspection methods are also issues that people have always been concerned about.

China enjoys the title of "the kingdom of the eyes" in the world. According to incomplete statistics, about 360 million people wear various glasses. However, unfortunately, as a big consumer of eyeglasses, our corresponding standards have some distance from international standards. Even if the standard of glasses is a mandatory standard, social and economic benefits are significant, but due to late start and insufficient attention, currently used standards have not kept pace with the times. On the other hand, China does not have the right to vote or say about the forthcoming series of international standards related to eye protection. Because our country lacks the right to speak in this specialized field, our company often encounters barriers from abroad in the process of going to the international market. Especially after China's accession to the WTO, the backwardness of national standards in this field and the occlusion of foreign standards have made it even more difficult for enterprises to respond to harsh technical barriers.

It is understood that the reason for this situation is that historically formed government departments have limited division of labor, and the technical work in the field of eye and facial protection of individuals, including standards, measurement, quality inspection, etc., has been in the process of multi-headed management and unmanned management. This makes the professional skills in this field relatively backward.

For the influx of foreign products and products of small private enterprises flooded with the market, due to the lack of national standards and testing capabilities, the quality inspection department cannot implement quality control. The backwardness of the standardization work has resulted in the inability of product quality to improve, directly affecting the visual health of consumers and workers.

It is understood that at present China's experts and members who are familiar with the eye protection profession are limited, and there are even fewer experts from companies.

Wang Guifen, a senior engineer at the Shanghai Institute of Safe Production Science, told reporters that China is currently working on the revision of national standards in this area. She said that currently the most used are eye protection and welding eye protectors. The standard currently used for the anti-impact eye protectors is GB5890-1986, and the welding eye protectors are GB/T 3609.1-1994. The former has already become obsolete and needs to be revised; the latter is currently undergoing revision.

New products and new rules jointly safeguard safety

Wang Guifen said that in accordance with relevant state regulations and standards, workers engaged in the corresponding types of work should use protective glasses. However, with the development of industry, the use of industrial protective glasses has gradually expanded. She gave such an example to reporters. The previous anti-impact eye protectors were used only for cutting workers and other types of work to avoid damage to the eyes from foreign objects (such as metal debris). However, with the increase in the function of glasses, such as colorless glasses increase the UV protection function, some outdoor work also uses protective glasses to protect the eyes. This makes the use of protective glasses wider, more people use protective glasses to protect the eyes.

However, referring to the use of protective glasses, she still expressed concerns: Some foreign companies standardized, refined, and modeled the use of protective glasses to protect the safety of employees and managers as much as possible. For example, in China, workers are required to wear appropriate labor insurance products, including protective glasses, in the production and operation areas. These are hard rules, but there are no strict regulations for managers and outsiders entering the operation area. However, in foreign companies, as long as you enter the factory, whether it is the company's management personnel or outsiders, must wear glasses to protect the eyes. However, in some state-owned enterprises, Wang Guifen frankly stated: "I have not heard which state-owned enterprises will do this. Or even if they have, the proportion is very low." Therefore, to protect the safety of employees as much as possible, not only the emergence of new products, but also Companies need to pay attention to and refine safety work.

For the development of industrial protective glasses, Wang Guifen said that in the future according to the different requirements of the operating environment, with the continuous emergence of new types of work, will continue to derive more and better varieties, more comfortable, more practical, to maximize the protection of operators s eyes. We can also expect to choose a barrier for our eyes.

(China Labor Insurance Network)