According to the official website of University of Waterloo of Canada, an international research team including the researchers of the university has experimentally confirmed the new characteristic of superconducting states - the nematicity. This new discovery helps the development of technologies such as levitation trains and supercomputers. . In the experiment, the researchers found that the electron clouds in the superconducting material can be aligned and arranged in a certain direction, that is, a nematic phase. This result most directly demonstrated that the cuprate high-temperature superconductors have a general nematicity. Related research was published in the most recent issue of the journal Science. Superconductivity is the ability of a material to conduct currents with zero resistance, whereas cuprate is considered to be the best high-temperature superconductor, and the strange state it presents is difficult to predict, let alone explain. “The research in recent years has only found that electrons can be arranged in a certain pattern under superconducting conditions and exhibit different symmetries, ie, they are arranged in one direction in priority,†said Professor David Hawthorne of the University of Waterloo. "These patterns or symmetries are very important for superconductivity. They may compete with each other for superconducting states, coexist, or strengthen superconductivity." The team used soft X-ray scattering to observe the electrons dispersed in the specific layers of the cuprate crystal structure. When the electron orbits are arranged in a series of rods, the electron cloud will be arranged in an orderly manner and separated from the symmetrical structure of the crystal to form a one-way symmetrical structure. Nematicity generally refers to liquid crystals in liquid crystal displays that spontaneously arrange in a certain shape in an electric field. In this experiment, when the temperature drops below the critical point, the electron orbitals enter a nematic phase. "We have discovered an unexpected arrangement of electrons, which may be a common phenomenon in the HTS regime and may become a key factor in explaining superconductivity," said Hawthorne. Studies have shown that electron nematicity may also occur in low-doped copper oxides, and the choice of doping material also affects the transition of the material to the nematic state. Infiltrant agents such as lanthanum, cerium, and tellurium, after the addition of cupric acid crystals, can cause the crystals to deform and strengthen or weaken the nematicizability of the crystal layer. Understanding the nematicity of superconducting electrons may be important for understanding the cause of superconducting states and the so-called helium gap. Although there is no consistent explanation for the reasons for the emergence of electrons, it may provide new opportunities for the emergence of room temperature superconductors. Hawthorn said: "Future research will focus on how to adjust the nematic phase of electrons. At present, changing the crystal structure may be a more effective method."
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