Solar hydrogen production: seeing the world record of photovoltaic technology

According to the Nikkei BP, the Italian Institute of Technology, TU Ilmenau, Helmholtz Institute for Materials and Energy Research (HZB), Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy (Fraunhofer ISE) and California Institute of Technology The research team of the institute's researchers announced that the energy conversion efficiency of converting solar energy into H2 has been achieved on Solar-To-Hydrogen (STH), one of the artificial photosynthesis technologies that use hydrogen electrolysis water to separate hydrogen (H2). 14%. The durability is said to be more than 40 hours. The technical details have been published in the academic journal Nature Communications.

When the conversion efficiency is 15%, it will exceed fossil fuel

STH is a technology that uses the same components as solar cells to electrolyze water and replace electricity to generate H2. If the conversion efficiency reaches 15% or more and the durability reaches 1000 hours or more, it is expected that H2 will be produced at a cost of less than US$4/kg, and the benefits may outweigh the fossil fuel system H2. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), a research institute of the US Department of Energy (DoE), accelerated the research and development of STH in the second half of the 2000s, and proposed a conversion efficiency of 15% and durability of about half a year in 2015. Actually 875 hours), 20% in 2020, 2 years of durability (actually 3,500 hours), 25% in 2025, and 10 years of durability (actually 17,500 hours).

However, the previous conversion efficiency was the highest in 12.4% achieved in 1998 17 years ago, and the durability was less than 24 hours. In recent studies, although the durability is long, there are many development cases with conversion efficiency below 10%. In general, the conversion efficiency and durability of STH have a long-term relationship, and it is not easy to improve both.

Durability increased from a few seconds to more than 40 hours

The prototype was a double junction STH device composed of a III-V compound. When the catalyst layer was laminated on the surface of the Window layer composed of AlInP, high conversion efficiency was obtained by "forming the layer surface with a processing precision of 1 nm or less" (the first author of the paper, Matthias May of the University of Illinois). But the initial durability is only a few seconds. It was alleged that it took a year to improve and eventually achieved a durability of more than 40 hours.

Solar hydrogen production: seeing the world record of photovoltaic technology

Developed a conversion efficiency of 14% STH components

Hans-Joachim Lewerenz, a member of the research team and a professor at the California Institute of Technology's Artificial Photosynthetic Joint Center, said, "We are approaching the goal of 15% conversion efficiency and 1000 hours of durability. If you are pushing down the carrier on the interface of the component. The loss of research is successful, and the conversion efficiency is expected to reach more than 17%."

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