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Symptom recognition. Stems, leaves and fruits can be harmed. When the stem is damaged, there is a oily lesion near the stem section, which is oval or prismatic, grayish white, slightly concave, and secretes amber gel. When dry, the diseased part is shrinking, the longitudinal crack is chaotic, and a large number of small black spots are scattered on the surface. When the skin is wet, the lesion spreads faster. One round of the stem makes the upper part of the plant wilting and die, and the diseased part rots. The lesions on the leaves are nearly round, sometimes "v"-shaped or semi-circular, light brown to yellow-brown, and there are many small black spots on the lesions. The lesions are easily broken in the later stage, and the lesions are not obvious. The fruit is mostly infected in the flowering stage of the young melon, and the flesh is light brown and softened, showing a heart-shaped rot.
The law of onset. The disease is caused by the fungus of the genus Ascomy. Seed-borne bacteria and soil disease-borne bacteria are the first source of intrusion, and wind and rain and irrigation water are the vectors of the disease. The bacteria invade through the pores, water holes and wounds, and the seed bacteria can directly infect the cotyledons. The average temperature is 18--25 ° C, the relative humidity is higher than 85%, the soil moisture content is high, and it is the most susceptible to disease. The melons are heavily planted, planted too densely, with excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, poor ventilation and ventilation in the field, or insufficient fertilizer. The growth of the disease will aggravate the disease. Open field cultivation mainly occurs in the summer and autumn rain seasons. There are many rainy days, or it is cloudy and rainy. When the weather is hot, it is easy to cause epidemic.
Pollution-free control measures
1. Choose disease-resistant and disease-resistant varieties. Jinyou 2, Jinyou 3, Nongda 12, Nongdaqiu No. 1, Nongda 32, Jinza No. 1, Jinyan No. 2, Zhongnong No. 5, etc. have good disease resistance. Can be used according to local conditions.
2. Seed treatment. Use disease-free seeds; seeds should be soaked in warm water at 55 °C for 15 minutes before sowing. Immediately after being taken out, soak them in cold water for 2 - 4 hours, then germination, or use 50% thiram WP for seed weight 0. .30% seed dressing.
3. Implement a rotation. It is best to implement a 2- to 3-year non-melon crop rotation.
4. Strengthen cultivation management. Add organic fertilizer, timely topdressing, and apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer when applying nitrogen fertilizer to promote plant growth. Carry out the pruning in time and harvest at the right time. Protected cultivation should focus on reducing humidity, mulching covering the mulch, under-film dark irrigation, rational close planting, strengthening ventilation and light transmission, reducing the indoor humidity and dripping. Open field cultivation to avoid flooding. The rainy season strengthens flood control and reduces soil moisture. Watering is properly controlled after the onset of illness. Remove the diseased leaves in time, and completely remove the diseased bodies from burning or deep burying after harvesting.
5, the selection of high-efficiency, low-toxic and low-residue chemicals. In the early stage of the disease, timely spraying and control, 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution, or 70% mancozeb WP 500 times solution, or 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution, or 50% Methyl thiophanate WP 500 times solution, or 40% polysulfurate suspension 400 times solution, etc., spray once every 5-7 days, depending on the condition, even spray 2 - 3 times. Focus on spraying the middle and lower stems and leaves of the melon and the ground. When the disease is serious, the stem lesions can be applied with 70% mancozeb WP 500 times, and the effect is better. The greenhouse cultivation can be fumigation with 45% chlorothalonil aerosol, 110--180 grams per acre, split 5--6, ignited overnight in the evening, smoked once in 7 days, even smoked 3 times, get the ideal Control effect.
Cucumber blight and its pollution-free control
Cucumber blight is an important disease commonly occurring in cucumber cultivation. It has been on the rise in recent years. It occurs on both protected and open cucumbers. It often causes the vines to wilted in a short period of time. In particular, high temperature and rainy years occur all year round, which has a great impact on production and seriously threatens cucumber production. The disease also harms watermelons, melons, cantaloupes, loofah and other melons.
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