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Deep mechanization technology of bottom fertilizer The deep mechanization technology of bottom fertilizer should be combined with soil tillage operation. There are currently two methods, one is to apply fertilizer to the furrow while ploughing. The other is to first plow and then plow. Generally, the first method is the best.
First, technical requirements
The method of ploughing and fertilizing can achieve the simultaneous completion of ploughing and fertilization operations, and avoid the volatilization loss caused by open fertilizer. Generally, the currently used plough can be modified to increase the fertilizer discharge device. The fertilizer excavator is usually installed behind the ploughshare; the fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the furrow with the ploughshare, and then the ploughshare is covered and turned over to achieve the purpose of deep fertilization. This method is used to be called furrow fertilization. The method of deep application after first spreading and ploughing should pay attention to shortening the time when the fertilizer is exposed to the surface, especially for the volatile ammonium bicarbonate and other chemical fertilizers, to be ploughed with the spreading fertilizer and buried deep into the soil. The fertilization method can be installed with a spreading device in front of the plow, or a special spreader can be used, and the width of the fertilizer belt should be consistent with the plowing of the plow.
Second, the agronomic requirements Because the natural conditions and crop types vary from place to place, the quality requirements for agronomic techniques for deep application of mechanical fertilizers are not exactly the same. The main points are summarized as follows:
1. The ploughing depth is even and the bottom of the ditch is flat.
2. The depth of fertilization is greater than 6 cm, and the width of the fertilizer belt is 3-5 cm.
3. The amount of fertilizer applied should meet the agronomic requirements of crop cultivation, and the fertilizer discharge should be continuous and uniform without obvious broken strips.
4. After first spreading, the tillage should be paid evenly. After the tillage, the depth of the fertilizer is more than 6 cm, and there are no visible fertilizer particles on the ground surface.
Third, commonly used equipment At present, China's production of base fertilizer deep application of machinery more units, more than 100 types of machine tools. Commonly used are 2BLD1.8 fertilizer applicator, 2FL--4 plow fertilizer applicator, 2FLD--26 plow loader and so on.
four. Operation essentials and precautions 1. At the beginning of the operation, select several points in the field for soil cross-section observation, and observe the average distance between the fertilizer particles and the surface and seeds (plants). If they meet the requirements, they can be put into normal operation.
2. In the fertilization operation, attention should be paid to the observation. The key point is whether the amount of fertilizer in the fertilizer tank and the amount of fertilizer discharged are normal. If the fertilizer is overhead or the fertilizer pipe is blocked, it should be stopped immediately to be excluded. At the same time pay attention to the line work to avoid leakage and damage to the crop.
3. Pay attention to the sealed storage of the applied fertilizer. In particular, the volatile fertilizer varieties should be opened at the time of use. After use, the bag mouth should be tightly fastened to avoid long-term contact of the fertilizer with the air to prevent unnecessary volatilization loss.
4. The amount of fertilizer in the fertilizer tank should account for more than 1/3 of the volume.
5. Check the technical status before the operation to check whether the joint parts of the fertilizing machine or the device are tight, whether the lubrication condition is good, and whether the rotating part is flexible.
Deep mechanization technology
Deep application of chemical fertilizers is relative to the application or shallow application of chemical fertilizers. Generally, the fertilizer is applied to the ground surface 6--10 cm for deep application. Mechanized fertilizer deep application technology can not only improve fertilizer efficiency, but also reduce production costs and increase agricultural production. The test proved that the utilization rate of ammonium bicarbonate and urea was increased from 27% and 37% to 58% and 50%, respectively, and the utilization rate of deep application was 115% and 35%. Under the same conditions, mechanical deep application is more than manual surface demolition, wheat and corn can increase yield by 15-45 kg/mu, cotton (leather) can increase yield by 5--8 kg/mu, soybean can increase yield by 15--25 kg/ The increase in yield is 5% to 15% on average.
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