There are two kinds of puncture resistance test methods: First, the FLL recommended method, using 11 of which eight boxes placed inside the root resistance of the material being tested, three boxes are not placed in the root resistance of the material being tested; Second, EN regulations As for the method, eight aluminum boxes with 80cm> 0cm> 5cm were used for rice, and the root resistance materials to be tested were placed in six boxes, and the root resistance materials to be tested were not placed in two boxes. The bottom of the box is transparent plexiglass, from the bottom can see if the root of the plant penetrates the root barrier material. The average pass rate of polymer materials with thickness> 1.2mm or the modified Zhejiang green material with thickness>4mm is 63%. The unqualified ratio of polymer roll is slightly larger than that of modified polyester film. The key point is still at the seam. The criterion is to allow the roots of the plant to penetrate the coil laterally, but not to allow the roots of the plant to pass through the coil. OCB (reinforced bituminous PVC coils) is an ideal material for resistance to roots. The specific test method is to grind the bottom of the box with gravel, and then put the test in a box with a 'backing' material for the test (the root-resist material's joint effect has a great impact on the test results. The polymer waterproof material passed the test, most of the problems are in the joints.) Planted soil is covered in the tested root-resistance material liner, and the planted soil should have small bulk density, good water retention effect, and certain gradation and For water permeability, the pH should be controlled within the specified range. Apply slow-release fertilizer to the soil and control the moisture with a capillary pressure gauge. Each box was moved into four European fire-horns that had been grown for one and a half years and were about 1m high. They were thrown into Eurasian grass species (EN standard without grass) and planted in the greenhouse for 2 years. Keep the soil moisture and ambient temperature during planting to ensure that the plant grows throughout the year. During the test, observe if there is a root penetration, and after the test, remove the waterproof material to be tested. This test method also cannot assess the root puncture performance of bamboo plants. Because the roots of bamboo plants are particularly developed, and the roots are sharp, not only downward but also parallel to the surrounding growth. Therefore, bituminous waterproof membranes should not be used as root puncture materials when planting bamboo. Polymer membranes are undergoing resistance to bamboo root puncture tests. The test method is not the same as that recommended by the FLL. Instead, use the following method: In each box, plant 2 types of 5 groups of bamboo with a root resistance in the middle of the soil. The monomer enclosed by the material is planted with a group of bamboos inside to observe horizontal growth. Four groups of bamboo are planted around the box. The facade of the box is also required to induce the growth of bamboo roots. In Europe, the rigid waterproof layer is not used as the root puncture layer because the rigid waterproof layer has good root puncture effect, but it has no extensibility and can not guarantee that the whole will not appear crack. At the Weida headquarters in Frankfurt, the delegation had an exchange with Bemd Stendel, manager of the FBB (German Architectural Greening and Design Association). FBB is responsible for the green design and greening research in Germany. There are five anti-root puncture laboratories, and the material information passed through the root resistance test is a member of FLL. According to reports, planting roofs in Germany are divided into two categories, simple and heavy, of which 90% are simple planting roofs. Regardless of whether it is a simple type or a heavy-duty roof, the soil layer is generally between 260450mm. It is a kind of big tree. The thickness of the soil layer is only 600~1. Plants are selected according to the local climate and rainfall, minimizing manual maintenance work; rain water recycling systems use rainwater recovery systems and water systems, usually without tap water. The delegation visited the planting roof of the CommerBank building in Frankfurt. The building has more than 50 floors, and every 4th floor has an indoor planting roof, which in turn is staggered in direction. The area is about 200 m2. Trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants are planted. There are few big trees and only a few trees are transplanted. Trees, as embellishments, but there are also drawbacks of the branches of the tree to the sunny side. The tree planting height of planting trees is about 90cm, the height of planting soil for planting shrubs is about 35cm, and about 15cm thick gravel is used as the drainage layer. When the saturated soil water is planted, the bulk density is about 1000kg/m3. The requirements for selecting plants are four-year growth. The growth rate is slow; the maintenance requirements are low, and without too much fertilizer and water, it can be lived and the maintenance cost can be reduced as much as possible. For high-rise open-air planting roofs, wind measures are taken while only shrubs and herbs are planted. Another project visited was an apartment building with a history of waterproofing for 2006.10 Chinese buildings for more than 40 years. All the plants on the roof were basically grown naturally and were rarely maintained. I also saw some green roofs. According to reports, in addition to the non-slip treatment of soil, the slope roof is the same as the flat roof. When the slope is greater than 5*, the anti-skid treatment of soil should be considered. After visiting BDA and visiting a testing laboratory accompanied by a person involved in the company, the delegation visited the BDA Research Institute in the Netherlands. BDA is mainly engaged in roof consulting, ie consulting, testing, training, design, forensics, evaluation, arbitration, etc. of building roof waterproofing and thermal insulation, and researching the influence of environmental conditions on building materials and systems. It is a member of the Netherlands Engineering Consulting Association (ORNI). laboratory. The laboratory mainly performs product testing and application performance testing of waterproof materials and thermal insulation materials. Application performance testing includes wind resistance, fire protection, root puncture resistance, performance decay test of building materials under heat, wind, rain, and low temperature conditions, and solar panel pairs. Roof system effects and so on. Laboratory rooms are also equipped with training materials for the construction of waterproof materials and thermal insulation materials, which are mainly the detailed processing of the nodes. The BDA-related person briefed the delegation on some aspects of European waterproofing materials. In Europe, bituminous coils are basically modified by APP and SBS, and there are no modified powdered products; macromolecular coils are mainly PVC, EPDM, TPO, ECB, OCB, etc.; the use of waterproofing membranes in different countries is obvious. Traditional habits, such as: Germany SBS modified bitumen accounted for about 60%, Italy APP modified bitumen accounted for about 90%, France SBS modified bitumen accounted for about 80%, the Netherlands SBS, APP modified bitumen accounted for about 70%, the rest were high Molecular coil market share. The construction of modified bitumen membranes requires the use of cushions; slope roofs are very large in Italy and Spain and also use cushions. A synthetic material is usually used as a cushion, which requires breathability and respiratory function. Due to the large number of countries in Europe and the complex environment, there is only a single test method standard for the whole of Europe. Products do not have a uniform requirement because different markets have different requirements. Each country generally has a minimum requirement for the product. In addition to the unified test methods, different laboratories will also adopt some of their own special test methods. For example, the BDA has anti-footprint test methods for the top man roof. When there are quality problems and disputes, the BDA will use some special methods to identify . The most profound experience of this trip to Europe was that the European people’s working philosophy and domestic differences are quite different. For example, when visiting a planting roof project in Germany, it was found that Germany mainly emphasizes the greening effects of planting roofs and does not pursue artificial landscapes; it emphasizes the low cost of use, the use of some nutrients and water that do not require adequate growth, avoids rapid growth, and does not require labor. Frequently trimmed plants, the province's provincial. However, in the waterproof construction of buildings, they are very willing to invest, and strive to achieve the perfect effect of the project. Of course, it is not extravagance and waste, all starting from the effect of actual needs. Economist, Vice Chairman of China Construction Waterproof Material Industry Association, Director of Suzhou Waterproof Material Research & Design Institute of China Chemical Construction Corporation, Director of National Waterproof Materials Quality Inspection Center of Building Materials Industry. Contact address: 215008 Suzhou
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