After entering November, the leaves will gradually fall off, and most of the fruit trees are in a dormant period. At the same time, various pathogens on the fruit trees also stop spreading, and various pests gradually stop moving and enter the latent winter period. At this time, the prevention and control of pests and diseases is very effective in avoiding and alleviating the harm of pests and diseases to fruit trees in the second year. Practice has proved that winter is the best time to eliminate and control pests and diseases of fruit trees, and can receive twice the result with half the effort. The specific methods are as follows:
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First, remove the fallen leaves and cut off the branches of the disease. Many of the pathogens and pests that are harmful to fruit trees are overwintering in the dead branches and grasses, and the next year they are breeding trees. For example, the wintering places of pathogens such as apple brown spot, gray spot and pear black spot disease are in the leaves and weeds. Most of the pathogens of apple anthracnose, grape white rot, and peach brown rot overwinter on the fruit. The larvae of the pear moth and the apple leaf-rolling moth are overwintering on the branches. Therefore, the fruit trees and the dead branches nearby must be Garbage debris such as fallen leaves are cleaned up, concentrated and tampered or burned, combined with winter pruning, effectively eliminating these wintering pests, and taking the cut pests and diseases to the outside of the orchard to burn, eliminating pests and diseases from the source.
Second, scrape the bark and white. After the leaves, the rot of apples, pears, ring rot, pear worms, apple moths and red spider larvae and adults of hawthorn mostly overwinter in the rough skin and cracks of the trunk. Scrap off the rough skin, skin, and skin, and receive good results in controlling pests and diseases. It is best to scrape the skin in the late fall and early winter. The depth of the scraping is to scrape the rough skin and the skin, and it is better to expose the light brown skin. Then apply the lime fluid to the trunk. When scraping the skin, the plastic cloth should be laid under the tree. Collect the scraped bark to bring out the orchard to burn.
Third, deep cultivation of tree trays and winter irrigation. A tree plate is a soil that is centered on the trunk and that is under the canopy. By deep-cultivating the orchard soil in autumn and winter, the bacteria and pests that are hiding in the soil for wintering can be turned out of the ground, allowing the birds to forage and freeze to death. At the same time, the dead leaves of the diseased leaves on the ground and the pests hiding in the dry grass can be buried underground. The next year, these pests are not easily unearthed and suffocated. The depth of ploughing should be about 30 cm. Orchard irrigation in winter can cause a sudden drop in soil temperature and oxygen content, which is very beneficial for killing root eggs and reducing the degree of emergence of alfalfa.
Precautions when shaving:
First of all, the tools should be disinfected. Each time the bark with diseased spots is scraped, the tools should be disinfected with alcohol before use to avoid the spread of germs . Secondly, it is necessary to scrape the skin, the tree is shaved and white, and the small tree is suitable for the green, and should not be scraped to the xylem. After scraping the skin, the trunk is painted white, on the one hand, it can kill the pests that overwinter in the bark seam, and on the other hand, it can prevent the plants from being damaged by freezing. The whitening agent formula is: 10 parts of quicklime, 5 parts of stone sulphur mixture, 2 parts of salt, 2 parts of clay, 30 parts of water, and a small amount of insecticide. Apply the trunk and the lower part of the main branch, and strive to be uniform. It is better to apply white twice, once in the late autumn to early winter, and another in the early winter of the first year to the early spring of the second year. When applying the trunk, it is not suitable for flowing, not lifting, and not falling off. In this way, it is conducive to the prevention and treatment of sunburn, and to treat tree diseases and insect pests. Whitening should be carried out on sunny days, and whitening rain and snow will reduce the effect.