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How do small and medium-sized hardware companies crack the "high cost era"
"For some industries with overcapacity, high energy consumption and high pollution, there is no need to worry too much about their predicament. The economy must be transformed to allow a certain rate of elimination." Xu Jianfeng, director of the Economic Institute of the Zhejiang Academy of Social Sciences, did not say this. Zheng Yuanbao, chairman of the Zhejiang Electrical Industry Association, agreed that “at present, there are difficulties in the survival of small and medium-sized enterprises. To achieve transformation and upgrading, it is necessary to rely on relevant policy support. Otherwise, economic development may lose vitality.†Recently, the author went deep into Zhejiang. In the investigations of Fujian, Guangdong and other provinces, it was found that under the influence of “three shortages†(money shortage, electricity shortage, labor shortage) and “three highs (high price, high tax burden, high cost), coastal SMEs fell into many Survival dilemma. As the most active cell in the national economy and the market economy that absorbs the most employment, SMEs should generally pay sufficient attention to the survival test. In an interview with the author, Lin Jinchang, deputy director of the Shishi City Commercial Bureau of Quanzhou, Fujian, said that the benign economic environment should not make the small and medium-sized enterprises of the concentration industry more and more tired. "Because of the rising prices of raw materials, difficulties in financing and other factors, Government departments can introduce targeted measures to help enterprises tide over the difficulties, and appropriately adjust the industrial planning layout to guide small and medium-sized enterprises to achieve long-term development in the transformation and upgrading." "Fake closure, real lockout" author research found that despite the assertion of coastal SMEs It is too early to "close the tide", but due to multiple factors, some enterprises are in fact in a state of "fake closure, real lockout". In the Pearl River Delta region, many enterprises are basically in the state of “simple production†because of “no profit from ordersâ€. In the Buji District of Shenzhen, a person in charge of foreign trade OEMs said that in the past year, it can process hundreds of thousands of garments. In the first half of this year, the output was less than 5,000. "Now it is no more orders. It doesn't work at all. Once the equipment is stopped and restarted, it may not be used.†Located in Zhejiang Province in the Yangtze River Delta region, the survival dilemma of SMEs is still spreading. Wenzhou currently has about 360,000 SMEs, 20% of which are in a semi-stop or downtime. The author saw in the workshop of Zhejiang Kangerle Electronics Co., Ltd. that this small enterprise with annual sales of about 10 million yuan only started the load of 60%. Zhou Dewen, president of the Wenzhou SME Investment Promotion Association, said: "According to the current trend, 40% of coastal SMEs may stop or semi-stop after the Spring Festival next year." Some SMEs facing a survival crisis have begun to turn away from their main business. . The latest follow-up visits by more than 1,700 foreign trade companies by the General Office of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Commerce show that the profit of the main business of about 20% of enterprises is less than 20% of the total profit, showing the phenomenon of “marginalization of the main businessâ€. Many economic circles believe that it is necessary to be wary of the small and medium-sized enterprises turning to the investment field in the case of industrial difficulties, resulting in damage to the national economic foundation. The author's survey found that from the perspective of enterprise scale, the current “survival crisis†is most prominent in small and medium-sized enterprises with operating income below 20 million yuan and below 200 employees, while most large and medium-sized enterprises with strong financing and innovation capabilities are in good condition. . The relevant person in charge of the Zhejiang Provincial People's Congress Financial and Economic Committee said that from January to May this year, Zhejiang's industrial enterprises above designated size achieved a year-on-year increase of 33.7%, but the profits were mainly concentrated in large enterprise groups. Zhang Wen, director of the Guangdong Provincial Small and Medium Enterprises Bureau, said that the added value of small and medium-sized enterprises in Guangdong Province maintained double-digit growth from January to May, and the added value exceeded the provincial average by 11%. “This shows that most of the shutdowns are Small enterprises and small enterprises have little influence on the overall output value.†Four types of small and medium-sized enterprises are trapped in “swampsâ€. According to the author’s visits in the three coastal provinces, many business owners believe that they are facing the “most difficult survival period in historyâ€. According to the type of enterprise, the four types of enterprises have the greatest pressure on survival at present: First, “raw-source-dependent enterprisesâ€. Zhao Liwen, deputy general manager of Liuqing Tianyin Alloy Technology Co., Ltd. in Yueqing, Zhejiang, told the author that 30% of the orders have been pushed out this year. This has never been seen in the factory for more than 20 years. In April, the price of silver soared to more than 10,000 yuan. One kilogram, the factory almost fell, and now only 5% of the profit." Due to financial constraints, the raw silver sterling silver in the inventory of Tianyin alloy fell from 2 tons to 200 kilograms, often used today to buy tomorrow. The author's investigation found that this problem is common in small and medium-sized enterprises in the hardware, cotton spinning, furniture and other industries. Second, "traditional low-profit manufacturing enterprises." Enterprises generally reflect the difficulty of survival, that is, the production factors such as labor and raw materials have risen in price, and the original meager profits have become zero. Textile enterprises, the largest traditional industry in Zhejiang Province, are generally facing this problem. At present, the general profit of the textile industry in Zhejiang is still around 5%. Coupled with the difficulty of lending, some enterprises are forced to raise funds from the private sector. The lowest monthly interest rate in Wenzhou is three cents. The interest rate for the year is still 36%, which is the profit of the textile industry. More than 7 times. The profits obtained in the manufacturing industry are not filled with the “pits†of usury, which will eventually force companies to go astray. Third, “demand shrinking, overcapacity enterprisesâ€. The author learned in Wenzhou that there are more than 4,000 local lighter companies at the peak, and there are more than 500 on the eve of the 2008 financial crisis. Today, there are only about 110, and only one-third of the companies that still produce lighters are still in production. . "More bosses just use the company as a financing platform to make it alive." Huang Wenjing, president of the Wenzhou Smoking Industry Association, told the author. Some emerging industries that have traditionally switched to the traditional industry are also facing a crisis of overcapacity. According to statistics, the number of enterprises engaged in the research and development and production of LED products in Hangzhou has grown rapidly from 16 in 2000 to 179 in September 2010, more than ten times more, but the demand has not been synchronized with high-speed growth. . Fourth, “environmentally unqualified enterprises†and “capacity-stricken enterprisesâ€. After the blood lead incident in Deqing City, Zhejiang Province in May this year, the Zhejiang Provincial Environmental Protection Agency sent 10 inspection teams to conduct a carpet inspection of all 273 battery companies registered in the province, of which 213 companies were ordered to suspend production. Some battery companies are affected by this, unable to complete product orders, and face operational difficulties after encountering compensation for breach of contract. The list of enterprises with backward production capacity announced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in July includes more than 2,200 enterprises, including more than 1,000 enterprises facing the cement and paper industry, most of which are small and medium enterprises. Unstable "Miaotou" early reporters learned that the continuous pressure of survival has led some companies to be overwhelmed and declared bankruptcy, coupled with the loan financing methods such as the mutual insurance of coastal SMEs, the "triangular debt" between upstream and downstream production enterprises is increasing. Unstable factors such as jealousy and looting caused by a large number of enterprises have begun to appear, and some workers who are not getting paid are also making trouble. Some business owners have reflected that the chain reaction triggered by the debt crisis needs to be further spread and spread, endangering social stability. In Wenzhou, Zhejiang Tianshi Electronics Co., Ltd. has recently become another well-known local enterprise that has closed down after Jiangnan Leather and Portman. At the scene, a pipe repairman who did not want to be named told the author, “The boss still owes me more than 10,000 yuan of wages. Now everything is going up, and it’s been half a year’s work, how can the people live?†For the enterprises that have closed down, the “mutual insurance†financing method of the enterprises prevailing in Zhejiang and Fujian has made the owners feel guilty. The combined effect of “one loss and damage†has caused the business owners to fall into a dilemma between high risks and financing difficulties. Lin Xixu, deputy general manager of Zhejiang Jieshitai Electronics Co., Ltd., has opened factories in several provinces in China. Since this year, he has only “mutually protected†with a company run by a relative. “No one dares to tie his company to others. On the belt of the pants, the risk is too great.†Chen Dongqing, chairman of Zhejiang Electric Lean Group, said that a large number of mutual insurance companies are still in a state of balance, but once there is a funding gap, the impact will definitely be a series of enterprises. In the Pearl River Delta region, the upstream and downstream manufacturers' lamination period has led to an increase in “triangular debt†and become a potential financial risk. Mr. Zhang, the supervisor of the mold workshop of Shunde Jiachen Rubber Mould Factory, told the author that nowadays, the big electrical appliance manufacturers take the acceptance bill to the credit period, which lasts for 6-8 months. “We will take the acceptance bill in the downstream. Pressure on the upstream supplier, which has evolved into a 'triangular debt'. In the future, if we fall, it will directly bring down a group of upstream enterprises." Some business owners admit that once bankrupt, the boss has already rolled up the things that can be sold. When I left, the last ones were all workers. The elimination of the transition must also be "protected and pressured". Many economic circles interviewed believe that this crisis is a concentrated outbreak of long-term shortcomings of SMEs. It is difficult to finance, labor shortage, resource shortage, and rising exchange rate. The transformation and upgrading of small and medium-sized enterprises in the high-cost era concentrated on the weakness. They generally believe that the current tightening macro-control policies are beneficial to the long-term development of the economy, but more attention should be paid to the coherence and stability of macro-control policies. Some of the current macro-control policies have shown a “one size fits all†trend, often hurting vulnerable SMEs. To eliminate backward production capacity and support high-quality industries, it is necessary to maintain pressure on transformation and upgrading. Relevant people have suggested that which enterprises should be eliminated and how to transform and upgrade. I hope that the government departments will clearly define their attitudes and provide guidance. In the Kangnai Group of Zhejiang Province, which has more than 30 years of shoemaking history, Zhou Jinyu, executive vice president, told the author that the government has called for “returning two into threeâ€, but for example, whether it supports the development of the leather industry, whether the representative lighter industry in Wenzhou should be eliminated, the company feels Confused, "If individual provinces and cities clearly express their disapproval of the development of the footwear industry, we will sooner or later transform and hope that the government has a clear plan and a statement." Some business owners also suggested that measures such as power cuts should also be distinguished. Treat, "to give thin people the same weight loss standards as fat people, this is in the fight against advanced." Zheng Akuan, general manager of Zhejiang Nanyi Pipe Industry Co., Ltd. through the author's suggestion, the government may wish to analyze the quality of the enterprise through taxation, output value, etc. The company gives support. The respondents also said that the rising cost of raw materials and labor is largely self-regulating in the market economy. Enterprises must be able to withstand the storms, but they hope that the government's support policies for SMEs can be further refined. implement. Some small and medium-sized enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region reflected that the government's support measures made them feel "thunder and rain." Xie Chi, secretary-general of the Shunde SME Promotion Association, said that the high threshold for review, the many approval links, and the long processing time are the "diseases" shared by the support policies. “In Shunde, for example, the 'Small and Medium Enterprises Collecting Bills Financing' project launched in June last year, because the net assets of a single company are not less than 60 million yuan, only two companies have successfully participated in the past year, and others are still Waiting for approval.†Zhou Ailing, general manager of Zhejiang Yuanchuang Christmas Co., Ltd. said that the “36 articles†of private enterprises are exactly the same. The “Silver Ten†that was recently issued to alleviate the financing difficulties of small enterprises has not been issued yet. “It’s like giving small and medium-sized The company drew a cake, which can be seen and can't be eaten.†SMEs, Zhejiang, and Guangdong “the sentient beings†are SMEs who are desperately thirsty with the banner of “labor shortageâ€. On the other hand, there are a lot of idle labor in the labor market. The seemingly contradictory phenomenon coexists at the same time, which is the "weird phase" that the author discovered during the investigation of many coastal provinces. In-depth visits revealed that behind this phenomenon is the expected misplacement of labor and capital prices in the current economic environment, and the hidden dangers of social security brought about by the redundancy of employment in some areas have begun to appear. The grassroots cadres and relevant experts interviewed believe that the competent authorities should strengthen employment guidance and appropriately implement subsidies for enterprises to avoid overcrowding of SMEs and bring more redundant labor, which will intensify social security hazards. “The workshop is empty, there are many idlers, and it is difficult to recruit workers.†In the workshop of Zhejiang Kangerle Electronics Co., Ltd., which produces small switches, the loose workers are lining up the loose work stations. Since the Spring Festival, this small business with annual sales of about 10 million yuan has been operating at half load. The company's production manager Ke Zhiwu said, "The company has about 350 employees when it is full, but even this year's salary increase, the Spring Festival has only been Recruiting 150 people, the difficulty of recruiting has become the biggest difficulty." Enterprises lacking labor, the labor market still has a lot of idle labor. The author randomly walked into an employment agency in the labor market of Liushi Town, Yueqing City, Wenzhou. There were 30 young and middle-aged men sitting in the small facade. There was a lot of rain at the time, but they were not willing to stay at home, but came out and waited for work. About 400 people are waiting in the entire market. "We are also wondering why there are so many idle people in the labor market, but they don't seem to be eager to find a job, nor ask, just to go shopping in the market." Wu Zujun, deputy director of the Labor Employment Management Service Bureau of Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province It is said that the people in the Yiwu labor market have not been interrupted since the Spring Festival. The number of people in the market has remained at around three or four hundred people. In the morning, the number of people in the market can reach five or six hundred people. "In fact, there are five or six thousand pieces of employment information released every day in the market. I really want to find a job or pick a job." "Working is easy to find, money is hard to earn" "Not the lack of work, the key is that the wages are too low." In the labor market of Liuzhou Town, Yueqing, Wenzhou, the author met 32-year-old Chongqing The person is very bright, he said that his current monthly salary is 2,000 yuan in the early days, is preparing to find another owner. Fang Houliang calculated an account: monthly rent, water and electricity costs a total of 300 yuan, a family of three to eat 1,200 yuan, plus smoking, mobile phone fees and other expenses, there is no more money, "pork, gas, oil and salt sauce vinegar In the upswing, at least find a job with a monthly salary of 3,000 yuan." The author learned in several labor markets in Wenzhou, Yiwu, Zhejiang, etc. Many workers waited for a week and did not find a job. The longest one has already waited for 2 Months. They said that the boss refused to raise money is the main reason why workers refused to go to work. "We do the piece-worker, how much money can be earned for each thing, and how much the boss can earn, we will calculate it, we are not stupid." The person in charge of a precision hardware manufacturing enterprise in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, said that in the past two years, in order to ensure the normal operation of the company, the wages he has given workers have become higher and higher. "The salary that was previously paid for the completion of 1 million yuan of output value is about 8 Ten thousand yuan, has risen to 120,000 yuan in the first half of this year, 50% of the increase in wage costs. For those small businesses that rely mainly on labor costs to win, the pressure has not been able to afford. " Working redundant hidden hidden dangers " The man in the house is just a young man, but he can't find a job. Who is out of the problem? Second, why is it that working hours are so long, it takes 9 to 12 hours? The third is why you have to work hard but you can't save any money, except for your own flowers. The old man of the old family can’t send back the money?†In the labor market of Liuzhou Town, Yueqing, Wenzhou, Zhu Shiyu from Shangrao, Jiangxi asked the author. "We hope that the bosses can pay their wages on time and on time, but this basic demand cannot be met." Some words attracted many migrant workers in the house to respond. Liu Mengqin, an associate researcher at the Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the gap between the rich and the poor, the inability to integrate into urban life, and the confusion about the future have caused anxiety among outsiders. Accidental unfair events can easily trigger the release of their dissatisfaction. The recent large-scale mass incidents in Xintang and Chaozhou in Guangdong are examples. During the interview, experts such as Chen Shida, director of the Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Public Administration and Talents, suggested that the relevant departments could start to reduce the security risks from two aspects: First, strengthen employment guidance. Even if the structural shortage leads the labor market to the buyer's market, the wages will be raised at a time. Once the pace of enterprise transformation and upgrading keeps up, a large number of surplus laborers without professional skills will still face employment difficulties, and the government has the responsibility to guide its employment. They increase their own human capital stock in the process of employment; second, the social security costs of employees have brought a lot of burden to the enterprise objectively. Currently, SMEs are generally faced with survival difficulties, and government departments may wish to give potential small and medium-sized enterprises Subsidies allow companies to spare more efforts to increase wages and stabilize employees.