Laser welding

Laser generation: A beam of light that produces the same wavelength, frequency, and direction after the material is excited.

The characteristics of the laser: it has the characteristics of good monochromaticity, good directionality and high energy density. After the laser is focused by transmission or mirror, the energy beam with diameter less than 0.01mm and power density up to 1013W/cm2 can be obtained, which can be used as welding. Heat source for cutting, drilling and surface treatment. The materials that generate laser light are solids, semiconductors, liquids, gases, etc. Among them, industrial processes for welding, cutting, etc. are mainly yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) solid lasers and CO2 gas lasers.

The laser produces a laser beam that is focused on the weldment by a focusing system that converts the light energy into heat that melts the metal to form a welded joint. Laser welding is a combination of welding and seam welding. Spot welding uses a pulsed laser, which mainly welds metal sheets and wires up to 0.5 mm. Seam welding requires high-power CO2 continuous lasers.

The main advantages of laser welding are:

(1) The laser can be bent and transmitted by optical methods such as optical fibers and prisms. It is suitable for welding parts that are difficult to reach by micro-components and other welding methods, and can also be welded by transparent materials.

(2) High energy density, high-speed welding, heat-affected zone and welding deformation are very small, especially suitable for welding of heat-sensitive materials.

(3) The laser is not affected by the electromagnetic field, does not generate X-rays, does not require vacuum protection, and can be used for welding large structures.

(4) The insulated conductor can be directly soldered without first peeling off the insulating layer; it is also possible to weld dissimilar materials with large differences in physical properties.

The main disadvantages of laser welding are: high equipment, low energy conversion rate (5% to 20%), high requirements for processing, assembly and positioning of weldment interfaces. Currently, it is mainly used for micro devices in the electronics industry and instrument industry. Welding, welding of silicon steel sheets, galvanized steel sheets, etc.

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