Mycotoxin's nemesis - Zhonglian montmorillonite

I. About mycotoxins

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by molds that are highly toxic to animals, humans and crops during growth. More than 300 types of mycotoxins are currently known. The toxins produced by various molds are different, and the degree of damage is different. Among them, the most toxic are: aflatoxin, ochratoxin, serpentine toxin, humic acid, zearalenone, vomiting toxin, T2 toxin, and the like. These toxins, like ghosts, linger around the animal husbandry, causing immeasurable harm to the development of the entire livestock industry and even human health.

Second, in-depth analysis of the harm of mycotoxins to livestock and poultry

Effect of mycotoxins on pigs

Clinical symptoms of different herds:

The harm caused by mycotoxins to pigs:

<1> Incidence of various diseases: blue ear disease, circovirus, pseudorabies, swine fever, chlamydia, and red worm disease are often troubled.

<2> Decreased production performance: decreased feed intake or refusal to eat, resulting in slow growth of pigs, reduced feed returns, and a significant decrease in lean meat rate.

<3> Damaged tissues and organs: intestinal damage, increased diarrhea; kidney disease, hematuria and water; liver damage, decreased function; lung damage, increased acute pulmonary edema.

<4> The decline of pig population immunity: the protective power of the vaccine is greatly reduced, the pigs are seriously mixed, the drug treatment effect is poor, and the mortality rate is greatly increased.

The effect of mycotoxins on chickens:

Clinical symptoms of different flocks:

The harm caused by mycotoxins to the flock:

<1> Mycotoxins can cause atrophy of immune organs such as bursa of Fabricius, thymus and spleen, and induce immunosuppression. Caused immunological failure such as Newcastle disease and influenza.

<2> Mycotoxins cause frequent diarrhea, intestinal diseases are cured for a long time, feeds occur frequently, feed intake is greatly reduced, and body weight is greatly reduced.

<3> Mycotoxins are extremely corrosive and the damage to the digestive tract is quite serious. Can cause oral ulcers, inflammation of the hernia sac and the pseudomembrane at the end of the disease, ulcerative and proliferative gland inflammation, ulcer formation at the junction of the glandular stomach and the stomach and stomach, and the keratin membrane of the muscle stomach is easily peeled off. Thickening of the keratin membrane and formation of hemorrhagic ulcer under the keratin membrane, increased intestinal brittleness, intestinal mucosal shedding and necrosis. It affects the body's digestion and absorption of nutrients, and the feed utilization rate and conversion rate are reduced.

<4> Mycotoxin poisoning can lead to multifocal hepatocyte necrosis in the liver, hepatocyte proliferation and dark red in the early stage of the disease due to congestion, and yellow in the later stage due to fat accumulation, but the feeling of rubber liver in both the early and late stages of the disease. Gallbladder mucosa is inflamed due to hyperplasia and necrosis of the bile duct, and the gallbladder is brittle.

<5>Mycotoxins can cause egg production decline, eggshell quality decline, fertilization rate and hatching rate to decrease, embryo death in hatching is more common; mycotoxins lay eggs on laying hens by reducing the synthesis and transport of liver yolk precursors The impact, the decline in feed intake and the unreasonable ratio of prices are the delay in sexual maturity of the hen.

<6> The damage of the mycotoxin to the kidney is manifested by degeneration of the renal tubule and obstruction, resulting in deposition of urate, which leads to the occurrence of gout, and the disease of the leg is unknown.

<7> Damage to the blood vessel wall by mycotoxins raises blood pressure, increases the burden on the heart, and causes ascites.

Third, the product category of the mildew market

1. Clay-based adsorbents:

The main component is calcium silicate sodium aluminosilicate. The use of the tetrahedral multi-space structure and the ionic polarity formed on the surface strongly adsorbs the mycotoxin which also has ionic polarity, and the strong adsorption force comes from the excessive surface area and electrostatic adsorption. The completeness of this adsorption is determined by two factors, the type of clay itself and the species of mycotoxins themselves. The clay containing calcium silicate sodium aluminosilicate has the following types: montmorillonite (having extensible properties, strong adsorption properties, mullite; mica has no stretchability, weak adsorption properties); attapulgite; sea Stones and so on. The biggest market share now is the anti-mold agent with montmorillonite as the main component.

Montmorillonite, also known as microcrystalline kaolinite, is a layered structure, flaky crystalline silicate clay mineral. Montmorillonite is a natural layered silicate nanomaterial with a thickness of only 1 nm. Each layer is small in size and large in specific surface area. It can accommodate 300 billion particles per cubic millimeter (half a meter) and can be covered per gram of powder. 110 square meters of basketball court size digestive tract surface can strengthen the role of mucosal barrier; plus the uneven charge characteristics of montmorillonite, the basic layer is negatively charged, the interlayer is positively charged, making montmorillonite have strong electrostatic adsorption The ability to adsorb and immobilize a variety of viruses, germs and their toxins, balance the normal flora, and improve the immune function of the digestive tract. The montmorillonite has a viscoplasticity, and the layer can be slid open between the layers, and the digestive tract is extended, and the layers are not scattered and separated, thereby forming a continuous protective film.

2. Yeast cell wall class:

The mycotoxin is adsorbed by utilizing the chemical structure of glucose mannan in the cell wall of the yeast and the affinity of the mycotoxin which is also an organic type. Similar to degreasing with soap, for surface affinity adsorption.

3. Enzymatic detoxification agents:

First, the role of the enzyme is specific, it is highly selective, but because of its specificity (an enzyme can only treat one mycotoxin), which greatly limits the use of enzymes; There is currently no evidence that enzymatic hydrolysis can resolve the toxicity of all mycotoxins;

Secondly, the enzyme is very sensitive to the high temperature in the feed processing process and is extremely easy to deactivate;

Again, the temperature of the gastrointestinal tract and the complex environment, including the varying pH, are suitable for the conditions of action of the enzyme;

Finally, whether the secondary products after enzymatic hydrolysis can be guaranteed to be non-toxic and needs to be studied.

4. Chinese herbal medicines:

The mechanism of action of its products is mainly to try to improve the ability of the liver itself to detoxify the toxins. However, there are two shortcomings in the Chinese herbal medicine mold remover:

<1> The principle of detoxification of mycotoxins by Chinese herbal medicines is still unclear, and the mycotoxins are relatively stable and are not easily destroyed. The effect of mold removal and sterilization is not certain.

<2> The general Chinese herbal medicine mold remover all claims to help detoxification in the liver. In fact, the process of transporting mycotoxins from the intestinal tract to the liver is a process of destruction. Why wait for it to be absorbed before it is processed, and not treat it before it is absorbed into the liver, and remove the mycotoxin directly from the body?

IV. Experimental study of Zhonglian montmorillonite

Shouguang Zhonglian Fine Montmorillonite Co., Ltd. is a montmorillonite manufacturer with ten years of professional production and R&D experience, and its products have reached the pharmaceutical level. In order to further improve product quality, clinically verify product effects and functions, and provide scientific basis for product development, Zhonglian Company and Liaocheng Qingshui Pig Farm, Gongyi Weijian Chicken Farm, Lishui Huaqiang Rabbit Farm, Shouguang Wenyuan Duck Farm and other major farms They have established friendly cooperative relations and established a breeding experimental base.

Experimental data from farms indicate that Zhonglian Montmorillonite has the following functions in combating mycotoxins:

1. Drug abuse and detoxification function:

Montmorillonite has strong adsorption capacity and strong mold and detoxification factor, which can effectively remove a variety of harmful mycotoxins in the feed and remove the damage of the toxin to the animal body.

The following figure shows the adsorption properties of Zhonglian montmorillonite on various molds:

2. Prevention and treatment of diarrhea:

It has strong adsorption, fixation and inhibition on the pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract, as well as the toxins and gases they produce, so that it loses its pathogenicity, promotes the regeneration of the mucosal epithelium of the digestive tract, and restores the normal rhythm of intestinal peristalsis. It maintains the transport and absorption of the intestines, improves the immune function of the digestive tract, and has obvious therapeutic effects on the diarrhea of ​​animals.

3. Detoxification and detoxification function:

Decomposes, removes toxins from the digestive tract and blood, enhances the detoxification function of the liver, improves the intestinal micro-ecological environment, ensures the overall health of livestock and poultry, improves the production and reproductive performance of animals, and reduces mortality.

4. Enhance immune function:

Quickly relieve the poisoning immunosuppression caused by mycotoxins and enhance the body's immunity.

The livestock using montmorillonite during the experiment is obviously more resistant to disease than the mulberry-free livestock, and has a fast growth rate, especially for diarrhea and dysentery caused by mold. Symptoms such as diarrhea, anorexia, and vomiting are controlled, and wigs, estrus, and miscarriage are rare. In addition, due to its high purity and good dispersibility, Zhonglian Montmorillonite does not affect the palatability of animals, and increases the appetite of livestock and poultry, and the survival rate of piglets is significantly improved.

Shouguang Zhonglian Fine Montmorillonite Co., Ltd. will continue to adhere to the concept of “creating animal welfare and leading a healthy future” and continue to contribute to the fight against mycotoxins and create a new blue sky for the livestock industry!

Shouguang Zhonglian Fine Montmorillonite Co., Ltd.: