A research team led by Professor Fan Wei of Stanford University in the United States recently invented a transparent and refrigerating coating material, which can reduce the temperature of solar panels without affecting their ability to absorb sunlight, thereby improving the working efficiency and durability of solar cells. Fan Li team reported on the 21st in the United States "Journal of the National Academy of Sciences" reported that they use micro-processing technology to etch micro-scale holes in the silica wafer, designed a silica photonic crystal coating material. This material is transparent to visible light, but has a strong thermal radiation capability. Solar panels using this type of coating can absorb as much sunlight and at the same time have lower temperatures. Fan Yan said in an interview with reporters that the crystal is passively cooled and does not require electricity at work and does not require input of any other energy. The basic principle is to make the thermal radiation with a wavelength of about 10 microns diffuse into the air, because the heat radiation of this wavelength will not be absorbed by the atmosphere, blocking, and thus can cool the solar panel. In nature, this cooling method is common. Tests with silicon wafers show that this crystal can reduce the wafer temperature by 13 degrees Celsius. Fan Hao said that solar cells will not convert all the absorbed sunlight into electricity. Without conversion, they will become hot. The hotter the solar cells, the lower their efficiency. If the solar panel can reduce 13 degrees Celsius, its working efficiency will increase by 1%. Over the past few decades, the 0.1% increase in the efficiency of commercial silicon-based solar cells has been a big improvement, and today its overall efficiency is only about 20%, so if we can increase 1%, it will be a "very, very big improvement." Fan Hao said that traditionally people are thinking about cooling down solar cells, mainly considering cooling in the visible light range. Few people think about this far-infrared band of 10 micron, so it is a big design idea. change. In addition, the relevant manufacturing process is a standard process in the industry and has little impact on the cost of solar panels. Zhu Linxiao, the first author of the paper and the team of Fan Yan, said that in addition to cooling the solar cells, the coating material can also cool many other outdoor devices or electronic devices. For example, cars in the sun will be very hot for a while, which brings with them some safety problems. It also causes the air conditioner in the car to consume a lot of electricity to cool down at the next start. With their coating materials, the color of the car will not change, but its temperature can be reduced significantly, thereby saving energy and so on.
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