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Storage and regulation regulate market supply
“National reserves are generally carried out for scarce resources and products. As far as China is concerned, rare earth resources are not scarce. Under such a background, the state’s plan to start rare earth reserves is to protect production capacity and stabilize the market.†Li Yichun, director of the Center for Modern Materials Technology Information Network, said.
According to Du Shuaibing, an analyst at Baichuan Information, at present, China's rare earth resources, especially medium and heavy rare earths, are in a situation of oversupply and production exceeding sales. The data shows that China is a large country with rare earth resources, accounting for 23% of the world's total, but it has undertaken more than 90% of the world's market supply. At present, the global rare earth production capacity, including private mines, is about 200,000-300,000 tons, while the global demand for rare earths is only over 100,000 tons. The supply is far higher than the demand.
Overcapacity has led to large losses in domestic enterprises, insufficient operating rates and large inventories, especially under the impact of illegal enterprises. The competition in the whole industry is extremely fierce.
In recent years, in order to promote the healthy development of the rare earth industry, the relevant departments have issued a number of policy measures: Last year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Rare Earth Industry Access Conditions", and in August this year launched the rare earth "blackening" action. These policies and measures aim to standardize the upstream mining order, and encourage enterprises to strengthen resource integration and control the long-term excess rare earth capacity. The reserve plan is considered to be based on the capacity control of rare earth resources from the source. "The implementation of the national reserve plan will digest a part of the inventory, so that some product prices will stabilize and rebound, boosting market confidence." Du Shuaibing said.
However, the industry believes that improving the current situation of oversupply in the rare earth industry requires not only “saving the source†but also “opening upâ€. Because the current demand for the downstream rare earth industry is sluggish, if this problem is not solved, the development of the upstream industry of rare earths will lack strong support.
The downstream high-end market is to be developed
According to industry insiders, the current downturn in rare earth demand is due to the surge in rare earth prices in 2011. In 2011, in just seven months, the price of rare earth rose from RMB 200,000/ton at the beginning of the year to RMB 1.47 million/ton. Rare earth prices are so high that downstream companies are unbearable and are looking for alternatives. In addition, according to Du Shuaibing, in the field of terminal rare earth functional materials, the development and application of LED lighting display technology has also inhibited the consumption demand for traditional rare earth luminescent materials.
"But we should be soberly aware that China's rare earth industry structure is not reasonable. For a long time, China's rare earth industry has been stuck in the stage of simple development of resources, downstream applications are mainly concentrated in the low-end and medium-end, while domestic high-end products are large. Some need to be imported. The application market of domestic rare earth high-end products has not been opened. Therefore, the key to developing downstream applications is to increase the application technology research and development in the downstream high-end fields,†said an industry source.
According to Li Yichun, there is another different view in the industry for the development of high-end downstream applications. It is believed that China has already had the same level of research and development of high-end rare earth products as the United States and Japan, but the market value of such products is not large. . For example, a product needs to invest 100 million yuan in research and development costs, and the market value of the product may be only 1 billion yuan, and the market of 1 billion yuan still needs to compete with foreign manufacturers, and the market share may be obtained. It will be smaller, the cost of the enterprise is relatively large, and if it is simply selling resources or processing low-end products, the cost of the enterprise is very small. Therefore, under the concept of this, the enterprise research and development is lacking. Enthusiasm.
The industry expects that if the plan is implemented, the rare earth resources circulating in the market will be controlled, and the price of rare earth will rebound. Some insiders worry that under the current industrial structure, if the price of rare earth rises too fast, it may further curb the demand of downstream enterprises.
However, as a rare earth downstream application company, Baotou City, the general manager of the medical system Co., Ltd. Lian Jianyu said that if the price of rare earth is only a reasonable increase, it has almost no impact on some high-end rare earth application enterprises. It is in the technical content. If the company has a high technical content, the impact of the price price of the material is very small.
Lian Jianyu said that building an industrial chain, from simple mining of rare earth resources to strengthening the development of downstream end products, is a stage that must be experienced in the development of the rare earth industry. If the government can strengthen guidance in this regard, China's rare earth industry structure will be more perfect.
Strengthen downstream application research and development or the trend of the times
At present, overcapacity is forcing China's rare earth enterprises to seek new ways of development. Many enterprises have begun to implement technological innovation, develop and produce high-end rare earth new materials, and take high-end product routes. This is not only a new way out for enterprises to seek breakthroughs in the context of overcapacity, but also an inevitable trend in the development of rare earth enterprises under the situation that the country pays more attention to resources and environmental protection.
According to industry insiders, rare earth mining has a great impact on the environment. As far as China is concerned, in the Cangzhou, where rich rare earth resources are abundant, the pool dip process once used in rare earth mining is called “moving mountain movementâ€â€”the grass is first cut down, then the surface soil is stripped, and the mountain vegetation is everywhere. Suffering from irreparable damage, a large amount of wastewater generated by processes such as leaching and acid precipitation is rich in pollutants such as sulfur ammonia and heavy metals, which seriously pollutes drinking water and agricultural irrigation water. In Baotou, although the light rare earth-based rare earth mining process has relatively little damage to the environment, the separation and smelting process of the ore is inevitably polluting the environment.
Not only that, there is still a waste of resources in the process of mining rare earth. According to reports, the annual mining of iron ore in Baotou Dongdong Mine contains 500,000 tons of rare earth, of which 10% is used, 10% is wasted, and the remaining 80% enters the tailings dam.
Therefore, in order to protect their own environment, the United States, Australia and other countries with equally rich rare earth resources have introduced strict environmental protection policies. The cost of mining rare earths is high, so their rare earth enterprises are more willing to seek rare earth resources abroad. China, which exports “rice prices†to rare earths, has just begun to plan to protect the environment and take necessary management of rare earth mining and exports, which has caused their opposition.
A few days ago, it was reported that the World Trade Organization has basically recognized the US, Japan, and EU litigation claims against China's rare earths, which means that China may lose the first trial in the rare earth lawsuit.
Li Yichun said that whether China lost the lawsuit in the rare earth lawsuit is still not finalized, but once it loses, China's rare earth export quota will be released. At that time, China's protection of resources and environment may introduce new policies, such as increasing resources. The taxation and regulation of the rare earth mining process take environmental protection, etc., so that the price of rare earth resources in China will inevitably rise. According to industry insiders, by then, China's rare earth downstream application enterprises should make more profits, strengthen technology research and development, develop high-end application markets, and improve the comprehensive utilization of resources will be the general trend.
Rare earth macro regulation or re-adding code
Abstract At present, many rare earth enterprises have begun to implement technological innovation, develop and produce high-end rare earth new materials, and strengthen downstream applications. This is not only a new way for enterprises to seek breakthroughs in the context of overcapacity, but also an inevitable trend in the situation that the country is paying more and more attention to resources and environmental protection. Going yourself...
At present, many rare earth enterprises have begun to implement technological innovation, develop and produce high-end rare earth new materials, and strengthen downstream applications. This is not only a new way for enterprises to seek breakthroughs in the context of overcapacity, but also an inevitable trend in the situation that the country is paying more and more attention to resources and environmental protection.