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First, we must clarify the performance characteristics of pesticide varieties
1. Overview of pesticide production The pesticides currently produced in China are classified into insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, nematicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators and rodenticides. Chemically synthesized pesticides must be processed into a certain dosage form to form commercial pesticides of different specifications or mixed preparations. Because the same preparation is produced by different manufacturers, the packaging specifications and the names of the products used are not the same.
2. Performance characteristics of various pesticides Pesticide is an agricultural poison that has selectivity for different organisms. For example, pesticides can be divided into contact agents, stomach poisons, systemic agents and fumigants according to their mode of action; acaricides. It is divided into only killing, sputum, and only killing eggs and sputum; fungicides are divided into protective agents, systemic therapeutic agents and protective therapeutic agents; herbicides are divided into stem and leaf treatment agents and soil treatment agents.
3. Carefully read the instructions on the instructions and the bottle label. According to the relevant regulations, the following items must be marked on the pesticide packaging in China:
(1) The common name of pesticides: There are two ways to express pesticides in the market: generic names and commodity names. The name of a product is like the “milk name†of a person. It cannot be used alone. Especially if someone accidentally takes it, the doctor is not easy to treat the disease. The generic name of the pharmacy must be attached, and the generic name cannot be used in English only.
(2) Active ingredient content: marked by percentage, the same drug name, different content, and different dosage.
(3) Control object, dosage and method of use: The control object of the drug should be specified according to the scope of registration, and the dosage and method of use should be specific.
(4) Safety interval: the number of days from the last application to the harvest. If used on vegetables, the pesticides in the product can only be decomposed if the specified number of days is reached.
(5) Note: Mainly for the characteristics of the agent, to remind people of the problems that should be paid attention to during storage, transportation and use.
Second, there are several problems in the current use of pesticides
1. Only recognize the reputation of the product name, do not understand the common name and its performance characteristics. After a period of use of pesticides, the degree of drug resistance is continuously improved, the efficacy of the drug is decreasing, people are eagerly awaiting the emergence of new pesticides, and some people pursue one-sided pursuit. A strange pesticide. To this end, some companies have made a big fuss about the names of pesticides. These ambiguous names of pesticides have made it more difficult for people to choose pesticides.
2, blindly mixed with many people in use, found that the use of a single agent is not ideal, and indiscriminately mix several drugs, the results not only did not achieve its purpose, but also brought serious phytotoxicity, or delay in prevention .
3, one-sided pursuit of quick-impact. In the prevention and control of pests and diseases, field surveys should also be used as a guide to determine whether or not prevention should be carried out depending on the occurrence of the field. Generally, pests are more sensitive to pesticides in the younger larval stage, and it is difficult to control the larva after 3 years of age. The disease of plants is also good at the beginning of the control. Often in production, it is difficult for people to grasp this optimal timing of control. After the use of pesticides, there is a process of exerting efficacy. Generally, the efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides is faster, and the efficacy of specific insecticides is slower. . Most users require high potency of the drug and it is difficult to accept the slow effect. Therefore, pyrethroids and pyrethroid-containing mixtures are welcomed. However, major agricultural pests such as cotton bollworm, beet armyworm, and diamondback moth are susceptible to severe resistance to pyrethroids. Poisoned pests are easier to recover, and the damage is more serious after resuscitation, and prevention is more difficult.
4. Improper use of medicines The prevention and control of agricultural pests and diseases emphasizes the proper application and methods. For example, the larvae of Spodoptera exigua are harmful on the leaf surface in the evening from sunny evening to 8:00 am the next day. When the light is strong, it will be hidden and pseudo-dead. Spray the liquid on the insect body at the time of the hazard to obtain good control effect. The control of cotton aphid, greenhouse whitefly and red spider should be sprayed on the back of the leaf, and only spraying on the surface can control its damage. Spraying phoxim and other photolytic agents should also be carried out in the evening.
5. Most of the sprayers do not meet the requirements. The surveys from various places and farmers have proved that at present, the qualified rate of agricultural sprayers sold in China is low, and farmers have certain problems in the use and storage of sprayers.
Therefore, the waste of pesticides caused by the leakage of the sprayer and the poor atomization during use is very alarming, and the sprayer may also be washed by the liquid medicine to cause poisoning.
In fact, there are still many problems in the use of pesticides, especially the phenomenon of unauthorized use. In order to achieve sustainable development of China's agriculture, production of high-yield, high-quality, safe agricultural products, so that people can eat assured food, rest assured, and assured fruit, it is recommended that the whole society care about the scientific use of pesticides.
Selection and scientific use of pesticides
With the development of modern agriculture in China and the emphasis on environmental protection, people have put forward higher requirements for pesticides and their use technology. In order to guide farmers to choose and use pesticides, the following issues should be noted.
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