Summer sesame fertilization medication technology

    In recent years, with the continuous deepening of the structural adjustment of crop production in various places, the planting area of ​​summer sesame has expanded year by year. However, from the current point of view, many farmers still use traditional methods of planting, no fertilization or partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, large amount of sowing, resulting in poor individual development, poor group quality, and the ability to withstand natural disasters is significantly reduced. Some farmers do not use pesticides. reasonable. Therefore, due to improper use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the yield and quality of summer sesame seeds may fall, and attention needs to be paid.

    I. Scientific and rational fertilization and topdressing Summer sesame has a short growth period and requires a large amount of fertilizer. Therefore, it is necessary to use nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element fertilizers in combination with rhizosphere and root fertilization to scientifically fertilize to meet sesame seeds. The need for fertilizer. Due to the slow growth of summer sesame seedlings, the ability of roots to absorb nutrients is weak. If the seedlings caused by insufficient base fertilizer are thin, the seedling fertilizer should be applied as early as possible, but the amount of fertilizer used should be small, otherwise it will easily cause high-legged seedlings. However, too much nitrogen fertilizer at the bottom will make the seedlings grow longer and form high-stem seedlings. Therefore , the field of 75-100 kg is generally produced, and the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer ( 15-15-15 ) 15-30 kg, potassium sulfate. 1 kg, applied to the soil at the time of sowing. Because the sesame root system is shallow at this time, it should be applied as shallow as possible when fertilizing.

    Summer sesame seeds are buds to the early flowering stage, and the growth rate is obviously accelerated. At this time, if the topdressing is timely, the flower bud differentiation can be promoted and the number of crusting can be increased. At this time, it is the flower bud differentiation period, and the sesame vegetative growth and reproductive growth go hand in hand at the same time. the best. Topdressing should be based on nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

    During the flowering period of summer sesame, it blooms, matures and matures at the maturity stage, and the demand for fertilizer increases sharply. The nutrients absorbed during this period accounted for 70 % -80 % of the total growth period . At this time, the lateral roots have begun to form in large quantities, the absorption capacity of the root system is enhanced, the growth rate of the plants is accelerated, and the demand for nutrients is also significantly increased. This stage of topdressing can reduce the tip of the yellow tip and the grain, and increase the weight of 1000. Generally, the flowering season should be early, and should be applied twice: 10 days after the initial flowering, 2 to 3 kilograms of pure nitrogen can be applied per acre, and 3 to 5 kilograms of pure nitrogen per mu can be used after 10 days of crusting. . In order to meet the large demand for phosphorus and potassium in the flowering period, 2 kg of phosphate fertilizer can be used per mu , 1 kg of potassium fertilizer , 50 kg of water , and the supernatant is sprayed after mixing, and the effect is very good.

    When fertilizing sesame seeds, generally 10 cm away from the sesame plant, the ditch strips are applied or applied, and applied to a soil layer 10 cm deep to absorb the roots and apply the soil after application; according to the test, the same fertilizer is applied per acre. The shallow application ( 10 -15 cm) is about 10 % higher than the deep application ( 25 cm) . In the case of spreading, the decomposed cake fertilizer or granular urea can be mixed with soil, and then cultivating the soil to cover up the soil. When the weather is dry, water should be sprayed after application to fully exert the fertilizer effect. In the flowering period from the beginning to the full bloom, root dressing can also be carried out. For example, in the sunny afternoon, the fertilizer is applied to the foliage by 0.3 % -0.4 % potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

    Second, to avoid phytotoxicity The main diseases of sesame include sesame stem blight, sesame wilt, sesame bacterial wilt, sesame blight and so on. Prevention and control of sesame diseases should be based on agricultural control, and drug control must be controlled before the disease occurs, or at the beginning of the disease. It can be controlled by using 40% carbendazim suspension 700 times solution, 80% copper sulfate wettable powder 800 times solution and the like.

    The common weeds in sesame fields are mainly marmots, horseshoes, foxtails, and tendon grasses. In some places, farmers are harmed by improper use of herbicides. It mainly includes two aspects: the residual phytotoxicity of the former herbicide and the phytotoxicity caused by improper use of the herbicide in the current season. With the expansion of the chemical weeding area, the re-bunking area caused by the herbicide phytotoxicity has increased year by year.

    The herbicide residue of the former herbicide is the improper use of the herbicide in the wheat field. The herbicide used in the field of wheat rice is misused, such as metsulfuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron-methyl and its compound preparations. These herbicides not only harm sesame seeds, but also It is harmful to soybeans, peanuts, corn and other crops. Therefore, it should be banned in non-wheat rice rotation areas. Second, it is too late to use some herbicides with long-lasting effect in spring wheat fields, especially when the dosage exceeds the standard, and the spring dry weather. The residual amount of herbicide residues in the soil is large, so when sesame seeds are planted in summer, phytotoxicity occurs. When the quaternary phytotoxicity is mainly caused by farmers using ground-sealed herbicides such as acetochlor in sesame fields, in order to improve the herbicidal effect, the dosage is too large, causing some sesame seedlings to be yellow, thin, or even dead, so use closed at the time of sowing. When using herbicides, be sure to use the proportion of pesticides, and do not use them excessively to avoid the occurrence of harmful substances.