The effect of the charger on the rechargeable battery

At present, there are many kinds of batteries on the market, which provide a variety of options for the majority of users; most consumers prefer to choose rechargeable batteries, rechargeable batteries, rechargeable batteries with limited charging times, with chargers. The market generally sells No. 5 and No. 7, but also has No. 1. The advantages of rechargeable batteries are economical, environmentally friendly, and sufficient power, suitable for high-power, long-term use of electrical appliances (such as Walkman, electric toys, etc.). The voltage of the rechargeable battery is lower than that of the same type of disposable battery. The AA battery (charge No. 5) is 1.2 volts, and the 9V rechargeable battery is actually 8.4 volts. Now the average number of times of charging can be around 1000 times. At present, there are roughly the types of rechargeable batteries commonly available on the market: nickel cadmium, nickel hydrogen, lithium batteries, lead storage, and iron lithium. The following is a description of the requirements of various types of rechargeable batteries for the charger.
Lead-acid batteries: The ideal charging current is pulsed. Since the battery is the most mature and the earliest invented high-power battery, the application is also very wide, but the charging detection circuit is not the most ideal today. This is a worldwide problem. The integrated chip of the American company solves this problem, but it is not Very ideal, barely. Pulse charging with our mains 50-60HZ power supply directly rectified unfiltered pulsating DC charging** (this is based on the simple circuit, low cost practice), I have tried to use the switching power supply and then add the mains synchronization The circuit turns the DC of the switching power supply into a pulsating charging. The effect is just as good. The advantage is that it can be used in a wide power supply range (84-264V AC). The destruction point is high in cost and complicated in circuit.
Since the self-discharge rate of the lead-acid battery is relatively large, when the power frequency charging is used, the constant voltage method is generally used (it is surely limited flow, or the transformer will be finished). The switching power supply generally adopts high voltage and small current, and the voltage rises to the normal charging value---constant current charging-----the battery voltage reaches the fast-foot state-----the relay is constant voltage charging.
Benefits of pulse charging: The battery has low heat generation, the battery has a recovery period of reduction reaction, and the current life is long (the smaller the charging current is, the more the battery has more charging cycles). The high current charging will cause the seesaw. Long-term unused batteries should be periodically discharged/charged to prevent vulcanization (caused by insufficient surface activity). Whether the power is sufficient to indicate whether the electrolyte is boiling or the temperature of the electrolyte rises, or the specific gravity increases, these are not the standards of **, and are related to the magnitude of the charging current. Of course, there is no way to think of a maintenance-free battery. It can only be determined by measuring the voltage.
  1. Lithium battery : The characteristic is that it can be determined whether there is sufficient with the increase of the charging voltage. The ** voltage of the single lithium battery cannot exceed 4. 3V. Since the self-discharge rate is small, the voltage is charged to the voltage, and the voltage is basically unchanged after the charging is stopped. It is ** controlled and recognized.
  2. Ni-MH battery : The self-discharge rate is small, there is no memory characteristic (in fact, there are also very small memory characteristics), the charging curve is: The voltage rises slowly, rises to a certain height, it is gentle ------ then rushes high and then slowly Decline, then the electricity is not enough, at most only 70%, you need to charge to drop - drop to a relatively flat section (the battery will be slightly hot), you can be determined to reach 97-99%, the charging current Drastically falling, recharging for a little while, it is 100% sufficient
  3. Nickel-cadmium battery : It has memory characteristics, and it needs to be discharged to a single section 0. 6-0. 8V before each charge, otherwise the electricity will never be charged enough. The charging curve is basically the same as that of nickel-hydrogen, and it is basically sufficient when it is heated.
Nickel-hydrogen/nickel-cadmium charging should pay attention: in winter and summer, the charging current is certain, the calorific value can not be completely fixed, so we generally use the integrated circuit with negative slope mode to play the test, or use the single-chip microcomputer to complete the test. It is a more complicated control method.
Nickel-metal hydride/nickel battery ** uses pulse charging method, which is good for battery life, and it is not easy to produce dendrite (short-circuit will be formed). DC charging is easy to produce dendrite, and good battery is charged without charge. In fact, it is a natural internal short circuit (generating dendrites), and sometimes the battery will return to normal after hitting a large current. But the lithium battery is a very special battery, do not use the pulse charging method, otherwise, it will soon be finished (because there is a control circuit, if there is no circuit, it can be charged with a small pulse, the effect is not bad), and there are The possibility of shooting.
At present, the most mature charging method is the charging circuit of lithium battery (the charging circuit is the most ideal). The most mature battery technology is lead-acid battery (but the charging circuit has been unsatisfactory), and the nickel-hydrogen/nickel-cadmium battery has defects and low energy density. The charging circuit is complicated, especially the nickel-cadmium battery is very polluting to the environment and is being phased out. All batteries, the charging current can not be too large, with the charging speed, the battery life is lost.

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