A Preliminary Study on the Content Organization and Form Design of Propaganda Science Popularity

In general, we believe that there are several aspects of carrying out popular science work. One is the construction and operation of stadiums, the second is the output of popular science products, and the third is the organization of popular science activities. The popularization of science is the lubricant that runs through all the above-mentioned popular science work. First of all, in the operation of venues, popular science publicity is the bridge between the communication of popular science exhibition items and the audience. Through popularization of popular science, the knowledge presented in the exhibition items can be conveyed to the audience in an inspiring manner. Second, with the help of the Internet, excellent science popularization is itself a popular science product that can spread. Finally, in science popularization organizations, the science popularization that directly faces the audience is the most important part of determining the effectiveness of popular science activities.

The earthquake science popularization is a very important part of the science popularization work. In the field of stadium operations, product output, and event organization related to earthquakes, popular science lectures have also become increasingly important and demanding. How to do a good job in the organization and design of the popular science popularization propaganda is a problem that all localities have to face in carrying out earthquake preaching work. Combining these two years of experience in earthquake science popularization and participation in the national earthquake disaster reduction science popularization contest, the author summarizes some experiences on this issue.

1. Basic orientation of earthquake science popularization

1-1 earthquake science popularization of functional positioning

The earthquake science popularization preaching mainly conveys to the audience the scientific knowledge of earthquakes, the basic skills of earthquake prevention and avoidance, self-rescue and mutual rescue, and the regulations and policies for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. In general, in order for the audience to have a better understanding and feelings, the preacher needs to use tools such as pictures, videos, and models to assist in the preaching.

There are two modes of development that the earthquake science popularization preaches. One is “into speaking”, which is mainly explained by various types of earthquake popular science venues, the topic of popular science activities organized by the public, etc. The other is “going out to speak”, mainly referring to “entering the organization through science and technology and entering the grassroots. , enter the community, enter schools, enter companies, enter public places, etc. to send science popular forms, preach the earthquake popular science as a form of product, take the initiative to speak to the recipient.

1-2 earthquake science popularization

A preaching on a topic of popular science knowledge generally means that the audience can stay focused for less than 10 minutes. There have been people who understood and described "speech" in this way, saying that it was the audience who took their own time to trade with the part of your speech that was useful to them. Although popular science propaganda can't be compared with commercial speeches in pursuit of sales effects, using the least time and the most refined language to express the most accurate content is still a necessary pursuit and requirement. The National Popular Science Explaining Contest limits the explanation time of the works to 4 minutes, and spreads the popular TED lectures on the Internet. The presentation time of a single work usually does not exceed 10 minutes. To carry out earthquake science popularization, the presentation time of a certain topic is recommended to be controlled within 10 minutes as much as possible . For courses requiring a long time, such as a 40- minute earthquake science class, three or four related themes can be designed to be considered together.

1-3 Seismological popularization of audience positioning

According to "National Scientific Literacy Action Plan" was, popular science propaganda against minors, farmers, urban workers, cadres and civil servants 4 class groups should be focused content and form different considerations. The earthquake science popularization preached that in accordance with the "six-going" requirements of popular science work, the audience objects to be faced with were in accordance with the above classification. In particular, the proportion of science popularization for minors is the highest. In the minor groups, the most appropriate preaching method should be adapted to the minor's knowledge structure and mental development.

2. Organization of the contents of the earthquake science popularization

Science of 2-1 earthquake science popularization

The biggest difference between science preaching and speeches is that speeches are more focused on the dissemination of opinions, and the scientific correctness of opinions is less demanding; the core requirement of popular science is the scientific nature of the content, taking into account the art requirements of the speech art. . The science of popular science popularization is the focus of content organization, and it is also a difficult point.

Due to the limitations of underground structures, scientific understanding of earthquakes is still quite limited. It has been more than three hundred years since the beginning of the attempt to study earthquakes with mathematics and physics. It has made major breakthroughs in the causes of earthquakes and layout studies. The theory of plate tectonics is half a century old. Most of the achievements in the progress of seismic science are still hypotheses. Uncertainty exists. Most of the understanding of seismic related content is from the perspective of probability.

The characteristics of earthquake science have determined the popularization of popular science in earthquakes. It is necessary to select those viewpoints that have been generally accepted by the academic community from the perspective of content, rather than controversial and non-validative viewpoints. From the perspective of language, it is necessary to emphasize the accuracy of probabilistic meaning rather than simply accurate.

Seismology popularization speakers should first of all ensure that they can understand the scientific nature of the content, in order to better convey the content to the audience through their own language organization and reprocessing. If you have difficulty understanding the content of the content scientifically, you must not misunderstand the content. It is impossible for the audience to understand the scientific content that is difficult to understand for the audience to obtain a better understanding of the results. Therefore, the preacher must carefully understand the content of the preaching, especially fixed nouns, customary statements, etc., must have clear and accurate thinking and understanding to ensure understanding of the scientific nature, otherwise, either adjust the content direction or try to reverse Questioning. For example, the "earthquake escape gold for 12 seconds" widely spread in traditional media and on the Internet in these years is actually an unscientific, rigorous, and inaccurate concept. If you do not think about copying and spreading, you are actually misleading the audience.

2-2 relevance of earthquake science popularization

The popularization of popular science has two related directions: one is earth science and the other is public safety education.

Earthquakes are a natural phenomenon. The methods and methods of studying earthquakes belong to the category of natural sciences. Earthquakes are a form of energy release from the earth. Humans learn more about the Earth through the cognition of earthquakes, and at the same time, they are viewed from the perspective of other related disciplines in earth sciences. Earthquakes are studied, such as geophysics, geochemistry, geology, soil science, hydrology, oceanography, etc. Therefore, earthquake knowledge is usually included in the category of earth sciences. It is inseparable from the understanding of the basic contents of earth science that science knowledge of earthquakes is known. Earth science is the source of inspiration and source of earthquake science popularization. In the context of the organization of the content, earthquake science popularization should try to use earthquakes as a clue, extend knowledge coverage to the entire earth sciences, integrate earthquakes into earth sciences, and allow earth sciences to support earthquake science popularization. This requires earthquake science popularization speakers to pay attention to the daily learning of Earth science knowledge, accumulate profound knowledge, can only be cited.

Another related direction of popular science popularization is public safety education. When a large earthquake occurs, buildings and their attachments are shaken by seismic forces and may pose a threat to life safety. Seismic escape avoidance is an important part of earthquake science popularization. It is based on the destruction capabilities and security threats of earthquakes. Especially for minors, the ability to deal with such security threats is weak. The Ministry of Education attaches great importance to public safety education for primary and middle school students. It has formulated and promoted the “Guidelines for Public Safety Education for Primary and Middle School Students”, and earthquake knowledge and skills for avoiding danger have been included in the natural disaster safety module. The education and teaching of earthquake knowledge fully introduced the gradual education philosophy of gradual progress in safety education. According to the age of primary and middle school students, safety education was carried out from the perspective of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The earthquake science popularization preaching should follow the general principles of public safety education for primary and middle school students. The content should reflect classification and emphasis. The clue must follow the transition from personal safety to public safety, and seek the content and method that best fits the audience's knowledge structure and psychological structure. .

2-3 popular science popularization of earthquake content

Funness is an important symbolic requirement for science popularization. Funness is a pleasant, interesting and attractive feature. What kind of situation is the content of earthquake science popularization? Psychology tells us that people's feelings and emotions have a positive or negative nature because of the satisfaction of their needs. It can be seen that the content should be able to arouse the interest of the audience before satisfying the needs of the audience.

Seismological popular science is easily popular in terms of attributes. First, people have natural curiosity about exploring unknown areas. Second, people often have the psychological needs to master emergency skills. The earthquake science popularization and propaganda should try to select “curiosity” and “emergency skills” as much as possible, and weaken some content that does not meet the needs of the audience. The fundamental reason why people are willing to accept popular science is to believe that there are useful parts for themselves and others around them. In contrast to the needs of the audience, content organization meets the audience's points of interest. This is an important principle for the organization of popular science popularization.

The language organization must meet the interesting requirements. Even if the content satisfies the audience's interest needs, in the language organization of the content, try to use common, simple, humorous, humorous discourse and make good use of metaphor and association. The same content, in the earthquake professional class can speak for a long time, you can use a lot of theory and publicity for calculation and demonstration, but popular science can not be preached, the former is boring, the latter is interesting. The popular science propaganda should reform and process scientific content. The standard of reform is to make the content more interesting, easy to understand and digest.

2-4 Structure of Science Propaganda Publicity

It is very important for the preaching effect to carry out the preaching of popular science of earthquakes and to design the content structure according to the preaching time.

The content structure means the layout of the preaching ideas and clue designs. Usually experienced science publicity people are good at doing some exquisite content structure design to effectively catch the audience's attention. A four- minute long popular science propaganda is used as an example.

The first minute: come straight to the top. We can consider the introduction of some cases for the theme of the preaching, such as the earthquake case of a major earthquake and the difficult situation of a post-disaster rescue. The case to be introduced should have a logical connection with the theme of the preaching, and the case itself should have Attraction, regardless of whether this attraction comes from the content or form of the case. When the case is attractive, the audience's attention will be smoothly transferred to the topic itself. The introduction of the case should be controlled within 30 seconds as much as possible. Before the end of the 1 minute, we must basically present the theme of the presentation.

The second minute: Pading solution cattle. This period of time should concentrate on the scientific explanation of the topic of the topic of the discourse. Note that the explanation of scientific principles should be straightforward and easy to understand. Try to use analogy and association methods and use common examples in life to allow listeners to have a conceptual understanding of the principles themselves. This period mainly involves expounding the scientific principles. It is a great test for the proponents to use the reform of the popular science language. Explaining whether it is lively or not is directly related to whether it can extend the audience's attention. In particular, it should be noted that this period of time is a centralized analysis of the topic information, and the amount of information in the organization cannot be too full. Don't let the audience remember too much information at a time. Studies have shown that most people can remember no more than 4 items at a time. Too much information at a time will have a negative effect on the audience's understanding and memory.

Third minute: Strengthen consolidation. This period mainly reinforces and strengthens the understanding of the previous scientific principles. The popular science presenter introduced a new information point that needs to be remembered. It must be reinforced with examples or exercises in order to shift it from the general impression of the audience to long-term memory. Note that examples or cases that are understood with knowledge points cannot be complex and are based on the principles of simplicity and effectiveness.

The fourth minute: finishing touch. In general, the stage where listeners receive the most attention in information is concentrated on the beginning and the end. Therefore, the importance of content organization in the final stage is undoubted. An excellent popular science propaganda work must be a “crested tail”. The “pointing eye” pen of the ending can be started from the extension of the preaching theme, designing one or two inspiring topics, or simple application cases, as well as expectations for the future, and the emphasis on the refinement of the preaching theme. Strengthen your memory.

3. The formal design of earthquake science popularization

3-1 Earthquake Popular Science Basic Requirements

Seismic popular science preaches people's own basic quality requirements and has a great influence on the preaching effect.

First, the preacher must have an affinity for equal communication. Although the requirement of affinity is gender-neutral, in terms of the objective status, the proportion of women currently engaged in popularization of popular science is much higher than that of men. This is because women's lecturers have more affinity for the audience (especially teenagers), and it is easier to The audience relaxes and accepts. In order to gain the audience's psychological acceptance, the male preacher must undoubtedly do enough homework in shaping affinity.

Second, the preacher must express himself confidently and clearly. The preacher’s self-confidence should be based on the familiarity and understanding of the content of the preaching, based on the understanding of the age range of the audience and knowledge structure, and be based on the control of his own language style. The preacher's explanation should be clear and pronounced, and the pronunciation should be loud and clear. In order to explain the content, there should be some conscious distinction between tone and rhythm. For example, when telling a story, the tone should be smooth and smooth, and the pronunciation must be pronounced when speaking the key knowledge points. Strong and focused.

Third, the preacher must be upright and dress tidy. Usually the instructors in the popular science venues have a uniform dress, mainly in black professional suits. A good dress helps to leave a good impression on the audience, such as a common professional suit, simple and generous, suitable for most science to explain the environment. There are also some special circumstances, such as explaining the self-help and rescue knowledge, and the instructors appearing in the image of the rescue captain, which helps build the audience's trust in the narrators. In the face of young children, the narrator uses the cartoon image package. Helps to instantly pull closer to the children.

3-2 earthquake science popularization of technical measures collocation

The earthquake science popularization needs to use some technical means to assist in the presentation and help the audience understand the topic of the presentation. The main technical means are the lecture courseware and the science props model with the aid of projection technology.

The usual courseware is the PPT mode, and there are also direct video courses as courseware. The difference is that the PPT mode is more flexible and adjustable, but the picture is not as beautiful as the video mode. As a PPT for preaching courseware , we must pay attention to three points. First, the text should be as concise as possible, and more pictures and symbols should be used. While listeners listen and explain, the attention will not be excessively concentrated on the text of PPT , but the browsing screen will not be affected. The second is that the overall style should be close to the audience's affection level, and strive to be lively and relaxed. The PPT that popular science advocates cannot be made into an academic report style. Third, the transition between screen elements should be integrated and coherent, and the use of animation effects should be emphasized so that the preaching courseware can be “moved” with the preacher’s explanation.

The popular science prop model can be a purchased geography class teaching aid. Of course, the best teaching aids come from common objects in life, and the idea is to become a prop that is taught by popular science. For example, to explain the use of seismic wave detection to understand the judgment of the Earth's stratification, can be analogized by the vibrating feel of watermelon, to determine whether the watermelon is mature inside, watermelon has become a prop to explain. Most of these inspirations come from the daily accumulation and sensitive association of the lecturer. When popular science leaders often ponder how to make the popularization appeal of the popular science audience, they will gradually acquire the inspiration and ability of the popular science props.

Figure 1. The National Science Bulletin on Earthquake Disaster Mitigation explains contestants with toys as props

3-3 Temporal Control of Popular Science Propaganda

The purpose of rhythm control is to pay attention to the preaching of earthquake science. The purpose is to keep the audience as focused as possible on the preaching content. When the audience appears to be distracted, it is necessary to evangelize people to mobilize various factors and re-aggregate the audience's attention back to the preaching track. However, these adjustments must be carried out under a reasonable content structure. The preaching content is clear and logically clear. The key to maintaining the attention of the audience, explaining skills and formal means is to assist the audience in concentrating on understanding and digesting the content of the presentation.

In general, the concentration of the audience's attention at the beginning of the opening phase is the highest, and then it may drop quickly. In the same preaching work, the preacher needs to repeatedly observe the audience's attention in practice, accurately judge the time when the audience is distracted, and make some adjustments in the rhythm of the preaching. For example, in the stage of poor attention of the audience, cut interesting cases or design an interactive experiment related to the theme. This is like a movie that emphasizes the "excitement point" that ignites the audience. The movie clip has the same excitement every few minutes. In addition, the preacher should make full use of his body language, such as gestures, expressions, and movements, especially in the face of adolescents' preaching. Childlike physical actions often attract the attention of the audience.

An outstanding popular science popularization propaganda work is definitely not a one-time rhythm, and it is necessary to make reasonable adjustments to the content of the lecture, the form of explanation, and the tone and action in the repeated practice based on the attention and attention of the audience. This requires the speaker to practice. Conscientiously study, look for inspiration, strengthen the transformation and form design of popular language, adjust to the best state of science popularization.

The writer participated in the first national earthquake disaster reduction science popularization contest and won the first prize. Looking back at the entry process, from the preliminary match, the semi-finals to the finals, the interpretation of each game has been adjusted to varying degrees. There is a simplification of content from the perspective of the content, and the refinement is refined. Attentiveness of the audience from the point of view of the design of "burning point" experiments, there are also scenarios designed from the theme of interactivity. All the way to adjust, all the way to quench, finally polished a preaching work into a relatively fine, and won the audience and judges recognized. The deepest and most rewarding aspect of this competition was the collision of many thoughts and inspirations with the contestants and the judges during the competition, which deepened the understanding of the organization and design of the popular science popularization. Therefore, I summarized and summarized some of the above experiences, with a view to inspiring some of the participants and the general earthquake science lecturers.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.