[China Aluminum] In the past three years, especially in this year (2017) building doors and windows industry, supporting parts industry, "refractory hardware" has ceaselessly appeared in our ears, door and window factories need "refractory hardware", A The party also needs "refractory hardware", and even has to propose "fighting hardware", and some manufacturers also vigorously promote fire-resistant hardware. Is "refractory hardware" really a new thing? Can you use fire-resistant hardware to make fire-resistant windows? I think it is not true. This is just a commercial publicity gimmick. I analyze from the following points: First, the concept of fire protection hardware (hereinafter referred to as fire-resistant hardware) and refractory hardware (hereinafter referred to as fire-resistant hardware) Fire prevention is actually a concept of prevention and has a certain degree of initiative; a fire protection hardware is a hardware system that can actively prevent the burning of fire or prevent the development of fire, and can automatically close or open or can automatically alarm. Fire resistance is actually a concept of tolerance (subjection) and has a certain degree of passiveness; fire-resistant hardware is a hardware that can withstand burning for a certain period of time. After these two concepts are clear, it is not difficult to find that the fire protection hardware refers to a hardware system that can automatically shut down or open or can actively alarm, in the fire door standard GB12955-2008 5.3.3, the fire window standard GB16809-2008 3.5 Clearly, the automatic opening and closing of the European standard EN1634-1 2006 and the German standard DIN18095 has become a rigid requirement; while the fire-resistant hardware is actually a single piece of hardware, such as hinges, handles, actuators, etc., without joint control. Sex hardware. Second, the fire-resistant hardware and existing hardware really have a clear difference? Take a look at the fire door standard GB12955-2008 requirements for accessories. "5.3 Accessories 5.3.1 Fire Lock 5.3.1.1 Fire Door Installation The door lock shall be a fire lock. 5.3.1.2 At the door lock cylinder mechanism, the fire lock should have a handle or push bar mechanism, do not allow to replace the handle with a round or spherical knob (except for the use of special parts, such as pipe wells, etc.). 5.3.1.3 Fire locks shall be inspected and approved by a nationally authorized testing organization, and their fire resistance shall comply with the provisions of Appendix A. 5.3.2 Fireproof Hinge (Hinge) The thickness of the hinge (hinge) plate for fire doors shall not be less than 3mm, and the fire resistance shall comply with the provisions of Appendix B. 5.3.3 Fireproof Door Closer 5.3.3.1 Fire doors Fire door closers shall be installed, or door closing devices shall be provided to allow normally open fire doors to automatically close the doors in the event of a fire (except for the use of special parts, such as pipe well doors, etc.). 5.3.3.2 The fire door closers shall be inspected and approved by a national authorized inspection agency, and their performance shall comply with the provisions of GA 93. 5.3.3.3 The door closing device for automatically closing the door leaf shall be inspected and qualified by a state-authorized authorized testing organization. 5.3.4 Fire Sequencer Double-sectored, multi-leaf fireproof doors shall be fitted with a sequencer (except for the use of special parts) where the cover plate or the mouthpiece is to be installed. The fire resistance shall comply with the provisions of Appendix C. 5.3.5 Fire Plugs Steel fireproof plugs shall be installed on the door of the relatively fixed side of the double-fire door or multi-fire door (if required), and its fire resistance shall comply with the provisions of Appendix D. †Look at the requirements of the fire-proof window standard GB16809-2008 for accessories: "6 Materials and Accessories 6.3 Hardware, accessories, and fasteners shall meet the functional requirements. Their installation shall be correct, complete, and firm. They shall have sufficient strength, be flexible in opening and closing, and the hardware and accessories subject to repeated movements shall be easy to replace. 7.2.3 Window Sliding Reliability Manually control the sash opening and closing control device. In the 100 opening/closing operation tests, the movable sash should be able to be flexibly opened and completely closed without blocking the phenomenon of opening and closing, and the parts should not be detached or damaged. †From this standard, it is not difficult to see that the requirements for the nature of hardware are the requirements of “fire resistanceâ€. These requirements reflect the role of hardware in doors and windows, such as connection, load-bearing, opening, and so on, and “hardware standards for building doors and windowsâ€. There is no difference. However, these hardwares are used in fireproof doors and windows, so "refractory hardware" is not a new product. It is a long time requirement in "GB16809-2008, GB12955-1991, GB14101-1993" (93th Edition). . Third, the actual test requirements and improvement methods of fire doors and windows on hardware In GB12955-2008, there are test requirements for hardware used on fire doors as follows: 1, "Fireproof lock requirements A.1 Requirements A.1.1 The security, flexibility, and appearance quality of fire locks shall be in accordance with QB/T 2474. A.1.2 Fireproof performance of fireproof locks A.1.2.1 The fireproof time of fireproof locks shall not be less than the fireproof time of the fire doors used for their installation. A.1.2.2 During the fire resistance test, the fire lock shall have no obvious deformation and melting. A.1.2.3 During the fire resistance test, there should be no bonfire phenomenon at the fire lock. A.1.2.4 During the fire resistance test, the fire lock should ensure that the fire door leaf is closed. 2. Fire resistance requirements and test methods for fire hinges (hinge) B.1 Requirements B.1.1 Fire Resistance of Fire Hinges (Hinges) B.1.1.1 The fireproof time of the fire hinge (hinge) shall not be less than the fire resistance time of the fire door installed and used B.1.1.2 During the fire resistance test, the fireproof hinge (hinge) should not be significantly deformed. B.1.1.3 During the fire resistance test, the fire hinge (hinge) should be free of bonfire. B.1.1.4 During the fire resistance test, the fireproof hinge (hinge) shall ensure that there is no displacement between the fire door leaf and the hinge (hinge), and it is in a good closed state. 3. Fire resistance performance requirements and test methods for fire plugs D.1 requirements D.1.1 Fire resistance of fire plugs D.1.1.1 Fire-resistant plugs shall have a fire-resisting time of not less than the fire-resisting time of the fire-proof doors installed and used D.1.1.2 During the fire resistance test, the fire plug shall have no significant deformation and melting. D.1.1.3 During the fire resistance test, the fire plug shall have no bonfire phenomenon. D.1.1.4 During the fire resistance test, the fire protection plug shall ensure that there is no displacement of the fire door leaf and the plug, and it is in a good closed state. †"The requirements for fittings in the fireproof window standard GB16809-2008 can meet the requirements of 6.3." From these requirements, we can find that as long as the hardware produced by each manufacturer meets the fire-resisting time requirement, there will be no obvious deformation and melting during the experimental process, no bonfire phenomenon, and ensuring that the doors and windows are closed can meet the requirements. Five items that cannot meet the above requirements must be changed. The improvement method is as follows: 1, can use hidden design; 2, the main body can be used for high melting point, or low heat absorption (low thermal conductivity) of the alloy material; 3, the product with the sleeve can be used alloy static friction materials (such as copper-based alloy, iron-based powder alloy, nickel-based alloy, etc.), flame-retardant organic polymer (nitrogen resin, halogen resin, perchloroethylene resin, Chloroacetic acid copolymer resin) and other materials; 4, surface treatment can be used flame-retardant organic polymer + flame retardant (titanium, boron, ammonium, magnesium aluminum oxides and hydroxides). Fourth, the future trend Let's look at the fire statistics in the past three years: In 2014, a total of 395,000 fires were reported to the nation, 1,817 people were killed, 1,493 were injured, and 4.43 billion yuan in direct property losses. In 2015, a total of 338,000 fires occurred throughout the country (the whole country), of which 1,742 were dead and 1,112 were injured. The direct economic loss was 3.95 billion yuan. In 2016, a total of 312,000 fires were reported to the nation, 1582 people were killed, 1065 were injured, and direct property losses were 3.72 billion yuan. From the data of these three years, it can be seen that although the data is declining year by year, the number and losses of casualties are still quite large. On July 21 this year, the Ministry of Public Security Fire Department issued another report on the national fire situation in the previous quarter. In the first quarter, a total of more than 80,000 fires were reported to the nation, 499 people were killed, 234 were injured, and nearly 800 million yuan of direct property had been destroyed. In addition, Hangzhou’s arson attack on June 22 caused four deaths; Changshu’s July 22 election resulted in 22 deaths and three injuries. From these typical cases we remove the natural and man-made disasters, think about whether our hardware is too biased towards passive resistance. If you can make the door and window hardware "active" fire prevention (automatically closed, automatic alarm, active connection fire), is it better? These innocent lives will also be saved because we have hardware that we can actually take the initiative to fire. "In GB12955-2008 fire door standards, 6.4.3 fire door automatic closing device should be able to automatically close the door fan in receiving fire alarm signals; in GB16809-2008 fire window standards, 3.5 active fire windows, control activities, sash opening The closed device has the function of manually controlling the opening and closing sash, and at least has the function of automatically controlling the closing of the sash by a heat sensitive component such as a fusible alloy part or a clinker ball.†This also proves that the country has required fireproof doors and windows to have an active fire prevention function. However, fireproof doors and windows (including fireproof doors and windows) produced in reality only have the capability of passive "fire resistance". The development of building doors and windows accessories has indeed contributed to the building housing industry. However, as people's living standards improve, people's demand for "safe and happy homes" is also increasing; this demand is also With its supporting hardware put forward higher requirements. Personally think that "refractory hardware" is not the real needs of people, but has the initiative "fire" (automatic shutdown, automatic alarm and active intervention) intelligent hardware is the future trend, because this kind of hardware can sense fire smoke and other disasters in advance Happened, and told people to escape in advance; at the same time can take the initiative to contact the fire system (rather than passive receiving fire alarm signals) for disaster fire or rescue. in conclusion: "Fire-resistant hardware" is just a propaganda of the fire-resistance performance of the hardware in the industry to meet the requirements of fire protection. In the 1990s, the performance of hardware used in fireproof doors and windows was stipulated. In recent years, the performance of "commercial gimmicks" has been adopted. It is not conducive to the development of the industry and the improvement of product quality and function. Really capable of active fire prevention hardware - intelligent (fire) hardware, is the future direction of development; thus "the user to create a safe and happy home." references [1] GB12955-2008 Fire Door Standard [2] GB16809-2008 fire window standard [3] Ministry of Public Security Fire Bureau official website
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