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Principled policies frequently lead to clear direction
The support of a series of policies has greatly enhanced the confidence of the development of domestic PV enterprises. The development of distributed PV power plants in China has ushered in unprecedented opportunities.
In order to start the domestic PV market, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Commerce, and the National Energy Administration have issued a series of favorable policies to support industrial development. In particular, the continuous implementation and implementation of photovoltaic application support policies such as Golden Sun Demonstration Project, Photovoltaic Building Integration, Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation, and the continuous improvement of the grid environment, the domestic PV market is about to usher in a pattern of both external demand and internal and external demand. change. The National Energy Administration’s latest “Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Solar Power Development†will significantly increase the development goal of solar power generation from 10GW to 21GW in 2015; and in the “Notice on Declaring Distributed Scale Photovoltaic Application Scale Demonstration Zone†document The largest PV project in China has been launched so far, that is, a 500MW distributed photovoltaic scale application demonstration zone will be built in each province. At the same time, the National Energy Administration, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Finance will start a total of 4.54GW installed capacity in 2012. The golden sun demonstration project of capacity. These policies have greatly enhanced the confidence of the development of domestic PV companies, and the development of distributed PV power plants in China has ushered in unprecedented opportunities.
The grid-connected link has always been the main problem that restricts the development of domestic distributed photovoltaic power generation applications. In July 2012, the State Grid proposed to “welcome, support, and serve†distributed photovoltaic power generation into the grid, and on October 26, 2012 issued the “Opinions on Promoting Grid-connected Management of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generationâ€, through optimization Grid-connected processes, simplified grid-connected procedures, and improved service efficiency actively support the rapid development of distributed photovoltaic power generation. The above "Opinions" clearly implemented the following work:
(1) Support distributed photovoltaic power generation and grid connection, do not force boost, the installed capacity of a single grid-connected point does not exceed 6MW, and the 380V access-free scheduling agreement;
(2) Commit to acquire surplus power in full, and separate the power of the upper and lower nets, and implement the relevant national policies for the electricity price;
(3) The distributed photovoltaic power generation project shall be exempted from the system's spare capacity fee, free of access plan design, grid-connected commissioning test, project review and acceptance, and other consulting fees;
(4) The authority for grid connection is placed in the local city company, and the processing period is about 45 working days;
(5) The transformation of the public power grid caused by distributed photovoltaic access, as well as the connection network access to the public power grid, are all borne by the power grid.
Uniform electricity prices and subsidies are not in place, and enterprises and investors lack important enthusiasm for power station development. Due to the differences in lighting resources conditions across the country, the cost of photovoltaic power generation is different. The “one size fits all†on-grid price has not been reasonable in itself, and it has made it impossible for companies to estimate the benefits and risks. In addition, the PV subsidy is mainly from the supplementary subsidies for renewable energy. Today, the funding gap of up to 30 billion yuan has caused many projects to receive subsidies. Fortunately, the State Council executive meeting held on December 19, 2012 formulated and formulated policies and measures to promote the healthy development of the photovoltaic industry. Among them, it was first proposed to determine the electricity price of PV power plants in different regions according to resource conditions, and improve the central government's financial support for photovoltaic development. The mechanism, that is, the Ministry of Finance will support the subsidy for photovoltaic power plant construction, and rationally reduce the on-grid tariff and subsidy standards according to cost changes. The meeting also clarified that the photovoltaic power station project will implement the same VAT preferential treatment as wind power, and encourage units, communities and households to install and use photovoltaic power generation systems, which provide policy guarantee for large-scale development of distributed photovoltaic power plants.
Difficulties in operating regulations
Although the country has issued a series of favorable policies, the problems in management system, technical standards, business models and so on have made many difficulties in the scale application of distributed photovoltaic power generation in China.
China's distributed photovoltaic power generation is in its infancy. Although the state has introduced a series of favorable policies, the problems in the early stages of development in terms of management systems, technical standards, and business models have also made it difficult for large-scale applications.
At the end of last year, Beijing was the first instance of a personal application for distributed photovoltaic power grids that encountered policy barriers. The reason is that some of the policies currently introduced are mostly principled policies, and their operability is not strong, which restricts the implementation of power generation and grid connection. Therefore, the specific implementation rules supporting the current policy need to be issued as soon as possible, including the distributed power generation management, quality control measures, grid access approval procedures, electricity price subsidy standards, the distribution of benefits in the implementation process, etc. clear.
First, in China, due to the low cost of hydropower, photovoltaic power generation is not economical and must be driven by state subsidies. So how to subsidize the power station, is it the initial investment subsidy or the degree (kWh) electricity subsidy? Is it the net electricity subsidy or the total electricity subsidy? What is the amount of the subsidy? How long is the subsidy period? How is the subsidy issued? These problems will be Affecting the enthusiasm of power plants for enterprises and investors. In addition, many companies are suspicious and wait-and-see attitudes about whether policies can be implemented in the face of previous subsidies. Therefore, the issue of supporting management for the implementation of subsidies needs to be resolved.
Second, the lack of uniform and high quality standards will also affect the development prospects of distributed photovoltaic power generation in China. Compared with the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries, China is still lacking in the standard of distributed photovoltaic power generation grid-connected technology. The published standards are relatively low. Currently, only the photovoltaic system grid-connected technology requirements and the photovoltaic system grid access are available. "National" two national standard documents, the development of standards and design of equipment specifications, design, testing, operation control, monitoring, etc., and the development of national standards need not be initiated, and extensive international cooperation is needed, drawing on foreign mature models to avoid blind investment, Blind construction.
Third, the business model is also an important aspect of the application of distributed photovoltaic power generation. At present, Europe mainly adopts the mode of “on-grid tariff, unified purchase and marketingâ€. The grid company purchases photovoltaic power station at high electricity price, and the state subsidizes the difference; the US mainly adopts the “net electricity metering†model, and the meter measures the net electricity consumption in a “reverse†manner. The transaction is simple. China adopts the mode of “spontaneous self-use + electricity price subsidy†for the distributed power generation demonstration park project, that is, for the self-use electricity to be subsidized by the fixed electricity price, and the photovoltaic power that is sent back to the grid, the power grid is purchased according to the coal-fired desulfurization price (about 0.35 yuan / kWh), the state gives the same electricity price subsidy for the reverse power. This model not only requires that the PV output and load must match, the technical requirements are high, and there is another problem, that is, the project revenue varies from user to user or from architecture, which makes it difficult for PV developers to intervene. The “unified purchase and sales†model does not require PV output and load matching, and has nothing to do with the type of building. Photovoltaic developers are easy to intervene, but this model requires the government to invest more subsidies. However, this investment is also worthwhile compared to the promotion of large-scale applications of distributed photovoltaic power generation.
Finally, there are many factors that constrain the development of the domestic distributed photovoltaic power generation market. For example, the most widely used distributed photovoltaic applications are power generation projects built on the roofs of urban buildings. However, China's cities are dominated by high-rise buildings, and the development conditions are not as good as those in Europe and the United States. Therefore, the design of distributed power plants still needs further breakthrough at the technical level; In terms of equipment testing and certification, both Europe and the United States stipulate that all PV modules and inverters must pass the testing and certification. However, there is no mandatory testing and certification system in China. The potential grid-connected safety problems also restrict the photovoltaic power generation to a certain extent. Sustainable development; in terms of grid access, the State Grid will decentralize, but the problems of insufficient technology and management experience in the city's companies will also lengthen the grid-connected cycle; in terms of investment and financing, if there is no effective financing channel for power station construction and Policies, their implementation will also encounter many obstacles, so it is necessary to solve the problems of financing of enterprise capital chain and power station development through model innovation.
Difficulties in implementing distributed PV operational regulations
Abstract With the rapid rise of China's photovoltaic industry, China has become the world's largest producer of solar cells. And by the European debt crisis, the United States "double anti-" final ruling, the EU "double anti-" case, domestic photovoltaic capacity...
With the rapid rise of China's photovoltaic industry, China has become the world's largest producer of solar cells. Under the influence of the European debt crisis, the US "double opposition" final ruling, the EU "double opposition" filing, and the serious overcapacity of domestic PV production, the development of China's PV industry is experiencing the double pressure of internal and external troubles. The domestic PV industry is over-reliant on exports. With the continued sluggishness of foreign markets and constant trade frictions, the rapid and vigorous development of the domestic PV market is the key to ensuring the healthy and sustainable development of China's PV industry. Among them, distributed photovoltaic power generation has broad market prospects and will become an effective way to crack the current dilemma of photovoltaic applications.