Ask yourself, how long can we store information stored on hard disk or mobile flash memory? 5 years? 10 years? Or more long? According to a recent report by CNN, an online backup service called Backblaze is currently running 25,000 hard drives at the same time. They hope to take this issue to a close. Although the survey has only been conducted for five years, the results of the study show that the loss rate for the four years is as high as 22%. Backblaze said that some servers may have a life expectancy of more than 10 years, and some are less than 1 year. But no matter what, the storage device can't exist forever. As a result, scientists began to look around to find ways to store data for millions of years. DNA or final data storage Researchers at the Swiss Institute of Technology in Zurich believe that the answer may lie in the data storage system that every living cell has: DNA. DNA is a double-stranded molecule whose main function is the long-term storage of information and is referred to as a "blueprint" or "recipe." DNA is not only compact and complex. Therefore, theoretically, 1 gram of DNA can include all the massive data on the Internet giant Google and Facebook, and there is also plenty of room. The researchers said that 1 gram of DNA can accommodate 455 EB (Aibyte) data, which is equivalent to 4550GB bytes of data, and 5EB is equivalent to what humans have spoken in the world so far. Fossil action allows long-term preservation of DNA It is well-known that the role of fossils allows the DNA in ancient fossils to be preserved under special conditions, from which one can obtain the entire animal genome. So far, scientists have extracted and sequenced the genomes of polar bears from 110,000 years ago and horses from 700,000 years ago. Robert Grasse, a lecturer at the Department of Chemistry and Applied Biology at the Zurich University of Technology, said that DNA also has a huge problem, that is, it will degrade quickly. In an interview with CNN, Grasse said: “We have found a simple way to make DNA very stable. We hope to find a way to combine the high storage density and stability properties of DNA and apply it to data storage.†Grasse said: "As far as the current situation is concerned, fossil DNA can be stored for up to 700,000 years, but some people have inferred that there are genetic material found in fossil bones for as long as a million years. We have proved The rate of decay of the DNA and information stores we make is the same as that of fossil DNA, so we can get about 1 million years of storage time." Recent discoveries in the field of archaeology have further refreshed people's awareness of DNA preservation capabilities. According to media reports, at the end of 2013, paleontologists extracted DNA from a 400,000-year-old femur from Spain that was called Sima de los from a place in northern Spain in the 1990s. Discovered in the place of Huesos, this piece of DNA is the oldest publicly released human DNA, which has advanced the previous record for 300,000 years. The magic is that this DNA can survive in the relatively cold but non-frozen environment of the tomb. Grasse said: "There are still many puzzles to be solved. We hope to further clarify the mechanism of DNA decay." Artificial simulation of fossil effects Now we all know that water and oxygen are the enemies of DNA's survival. DNA exposed to air in a test tube can only survive for 2 to 3 years; sealing DNA in a glass (a sterile and neutral environment) and cooling it can increase its survival. The researchers explained that the artificial approach actually simulates what happens in nature. If fossils can keep DNA in a cold, dry and sealed state, tiny glass spheres can also make the information contained in the double strands unresolved for thousands of years. No injury. Glass said: "Sol-gel technology can use small molecules to make solid materials, so we can use this process to create glass that surrounds DNA molecules." This study can be compared with the science fiction movie “Jurassic Parkâ€. In Jurassic Park, researchers used mosquitoes that used the blood of dinosaurs in amber to eventually clone dinosaurs and built a Jurassic era park. However, Grasse said that the idea of ​​obtaining prehistoric DNA from prehistoric insects in amber is not an idea. He said: "The best sources of DNA are ceramics and dry objects, so teeth, bones, and even egg shells are more likely." Costs are expected to continue to decrease So far, the research team tested the latest method by only saving 83KB of data. Grasse said: "We have saved two large documents, one is the Swiss Federal Charter of 1921, and the other is Archimedes' rewrite. We hope to prove through the storage of these documents that our method is not only useful, And it's important." He reasoned that the information was readable within 10,000 years and that it could be stored for 1 million years if it was frozen. It is reported that the cost of encoding the 86 KB of information is about 2,000 US dollars, which is currently somewhat expensive, but Glass is optimistic that the progress made in the field of medical analysis is likely to significantly reduce costs. Glass said: "The price of human genome sequencing has dropped from millions of dollars several years ago to hundreds of dollars now. Now, it seems that we have integrated the progress made in medical analysis and genome analysis into the field of information technology. Once this is done, the entire information technology will have a new look."
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