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"Intelligence", the future path of Chinese manufacturing
1. "Intelligence", manufacturing change
ã€aims】
"Made in China 2025" proposes that the goal of implementing intelligent manufacturing engineering is that by 2020, the level of intelligence in key manufacturing areas will be significantly improved, the operating cost of pilot demonstration projects will be reduced by 30%, the production cycle will be shortened by 30%, and the rate of defective products will be reduced by 30%. By 2025, the key areas of manufacturing will be fully intelligent, the operating cost of pilot demonstration projects will be reduced by 50%, the production cycle will be shortened by 50%, and the defective product rate will be reduced by 50%.
"The deep integration of information technology and manufacturing industry is the commanding height of future industrial competition. To seize this commanding height, we must take intelligent manufacturing as the main direction and organize the implementation of intelligent manufacturing engineering." For the future development trend of the manufacturing industry, the Minister of Industry and Information Technology He pointed out that the application of Internet technology in manufacturing industry will become the most powerful engine for the new round of manufacturing development, and the best opportunity for China's manufacturing transformation and upgrading.
What is smart manufacturing? Li Dong, deputy director of the Equipment Industry Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that smart manufacturing is a new generation of information technology such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and big data, which runs through all aspects of manufacturing activities such as design, production, management, and service. It is a general term for advanced manufacturing processes, systems and models with information depth self-awareness, intelligent optimization self-decision, and precise control self-execution.
"With the smart factory as the carrier, the whole process of intelligentization as the entry point, based on the end-to-end data flow, and the network interconnection as the support is the main feature of intelligent manufacturing." Li Dong further explained that intelligent manufacturing is in the manufacturing industry. The construction of information physics systems in the field will completely change the way of manufacturing production organization and interpersonal relationships, and bring about changes in manufacturing methods and business models, and even can be said to be changes or revolutions in production methods.
The relevant person in charge of the Planning Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology gave a detailed introduction to how information technology will reshape the manufacturing industry when interpreting "Made in China 2025". Ubiquitous connectivity and ubiquitous computing will be ubiquitous. 3D printing, big data and other technologies will make the product's functions extremely rich, and the performance will undergo qualitative changes. Under the support of ubiquitous information such as Internet of Things and cloud computing, manufacturers and production will be produced. Service providers and users interact on open and public network platforms, and single-piece small-volume customized production will become the mainstream; as the industry value chain shifts from production to R&D design and marketing services, the industry form will be produced. Manufacturing is shifting to service-oriented manufacturing.
According to Luo Wen, dean of the China Electronic Information Industry Development Research Institute, the transformation of the industrial development mode brought about by information technology will bring a development dividend to Chinese manufacturing. According to historical experience, in this period of industrial change, latecomers or followers can achieve catch-up development if strategic measures are effective. At present, the gap between China's manufacturing industry and some of the world's cutting-edge technologies is in the smallest period of history. It has the ability to follow up this round of industrial transformation and achieve transformation and upgrading.
“This year is a tough year for Chinese manufacturing companies.†Ning Jiajun, director of the National Information Center Expert Committee, admitted that the increase in labor and other resource factors, overcapacity and the weak global economy have constrained the development of enterprises. Low-end manufacturing accelerated from China to other low-cost countries, and the “two-way extrusion†formed by high-end manufacturing to the developed countries eroded China’s “world factory†status. Transformation and upgrading is a top priority for China's manufacturing industry, and intelligent manufacturing is the main tone of future development.
2. Manufacturing becomes "intelligence", separated by a few hurdles
ã€status quo】
At present, China's manufacturing enterprises have a low level of automation. The number of robots per 10,000 workers is 23, which is lagging behind the developed countries. The number in Germany is 273, and that in Japan and South Korea is 300. As an authoritative indicator to measure the use of information technology to promote economic development, China's network readiness index was 4.03 in 2012, lower than that of the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries, ranking 51 in the world, and ranking down to 58 in 2013.
Long before the "Made in China 2025" was released, the plan was called the "Industry 4.0" version of China, and was often compared with the German "Industry 4.0". What are the similarities and differences between the two? Miao Wei said that the same place between "Made in China 2025" and "Industry 4.0" is precisely to promote the deep integration of information technology and manufacturing technology to the first place, and vigorously develop smart manufacturing.
The differences are mainly reflected in the stage of development and the stage of industrial development. Li Dong explained that Germany has basically completed "Industry 3.0", and the development of various industries in China's manufacturing industry is uneven, and the hierarchical structure is very different. Some industries have just entered automation, and some industries have begun to implement information technology, and some may even enter the mechanization of the 1.0 era, which is also labor-intensive. It can be said that China's manufacturing industry has just completed mechanization, is automating, and looks at informationization. The status of various industries is different, and there are overlaps in various stages of industry development.
Unbalanced development will make China's manufacturing industry move toward "intellectual creation" will be a long-term and difficult process. The low network readiness index in China reflects another difficulty in advancing smart manufacturing. According to the relevant person in charge of the Planning Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, this indicates that the willingness of enterprises to use information technology to transform traditional production methods and processes is low, and most regions and industries are still in the stage of primary or local application.
According to Guo Zhenyan, director of the Beijing Institute of Electrical and Technical Economics, for a long time, with the low labor force and other resource factor prices, “Made in China†has swept the global market, and the business model has been well-received, and the company lacks the inherent use of information technology. Power, causing a certain path dependence. Experts said that with the pressure of resources and environment and the changes in the domestic and international market environment, more and more enterprises will use information technology to achieve transformation.
Shi Yong, deputy dean of the Machinery Industry Information Research Institute, believes that China's key technologies and equipment such as high-end sensors and software systems rely heavily on imports and are subject to people's situation, which will become an important obstacle to promoting smart manufacturing. Take the chip as an example. In 2013, 80% of China's chips were imported, and the total import volume reached US$231.3 billion, an increase of 20.5% year-on-year. The chip became China's largest import commodity.
Shi Yong said that with the increasing integration of information technology and traditional manufacturing, the modularization trend of modern manufacturing is becoming more and more obvious. The electronic components make the components more integrated and "black boxed". Faced with this trend, the traditional imitation method has failed, and the reverse process has become more and more difficult. Only by mastering the internal mechanism in the process of product operation and having the ability of “positive development†can the core technical capability be improved. For the current Chinese manufacturing with weak technical foundation, this will undoubtedly increase the difficulty of breaking technical barriers.
3. How to take the road of "intellectual creation"
[case]
In the inner tube production line of the Haier drum washing machine, almost no one is working. This is not only a fully automated production line, but also real-time monitoring of the entire line work status. The New Zealand after-sales service team on the other side of the ocean can remotely diagnose the line body status, perform remote upgrades, and timely perform equipment maintenance and maintenance to ensure zero downtime.
According to the plan, the intelligent manufacturing project will closely focus on the key links in the key manufacturing fields, carry out integrated innovation and engineering application of the new generation of information technology and manufacturing equipment integration, develop intelligent products and self-controllable intelligent devices and realize industrialization; relying on superior enterprises, Establish smart factories or digital workshops in key areas; establish intelligent manufacturing standard systems and information security systems, and build intelligent manufacturing network system platforms.
Li Beiguang, deputy director of the Planning Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said in an interview that intelligent manufacturing engineering is a forward-looking project for China to cope with a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. This project will mainly solve two problems, how to industrialize domestic intelligent devices and products, and how to establish a standard system to connect various production links.
Implementing smart manufacturing engineering is just one aspect of advancing smart manufacturing. Li Dong said that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will jointly launch the overall development strategy of intelligent manufacturing with the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and clarify the development priorities, overall layout, and implementation roadmap. In the era of intelligent manufacturing, it is critical that the systems of equipment and products are safe, so we will make great efforts to solve the problem of independent safety and control of intelligent manufacturing equipment and products. Li Dong emphasized that it is imperative to promote intelligent manufacturing to strengthen the construction of basic networks and build the foundation and environment for intelligent manufacturing.
"For intelligent manufacturing, the standardization system is the foundation, there is no standardization, informationization and industrialization will not be integrated, and it is impossible to promote intelligent manufacturing and its large-scale application promotion." Ning Jiajun believes that intelligent manufacturing cross-industry, cross-domain, The characteristics of the cross-system are very prominent, and the various standards of the connection port are not uniform. The standard has become a bottleneck for implementing intelligent manufacturing. Through pilot demonstrations, establishing an integrated standardization system for intelligent manufacturing is an important prerequisite for deepening intelligent manufacturing.
Zhu Sendi, special adviser of China Machinery Industry Federation, believes that the promotion of intelligent manufacturing should grasp the timing of development, prevent the development of intelligent manufacturing from being too fast, the development of domestic supporting industries can not keep up, and rely excessively on imports. A similar situation has emerged in the field of industrial robots in China. China is the largest robot market, but 3/4 of the market is occupied by foreign robots. The state should encourage enterprises with competitive advantages to play full-value chain innovation, and guide upstream and downstream enterprises to establish relatively stable contractual relationships and develop synergistically.
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"Intelligence", the future path of Chinese manufacturing
Abstract The State Council recently issued "Made in China 2025", which is known as the Action Plan for the implementation of the first decade of China's strategy to build a strong country. Looking at this programmatic plan, "smart manufacturing" is undoubtedly a key word that cannot be avoided. "Made in China...
The State Council recently issued "Made in China 2025", which is called the action plan for the first decade of China's implementation of the strategy of building a strong country. Looking at this programmatic plan, "smart manufacturing" is undoubtedly a key word that cannot be avoided. "Made in China 2025" proposes that China's manufacturing transformation and upgrading should accelerate the integration of the next generation of information technology and manufacturing industry as the main line, with intelligent manufacturing as the breakthrough and main direction. Intelligent manufacturing engineering is also one of the five major projects that are clearly planned for implementation. Moving towards "intelligence" is an important direction for China's manufacturing to grow from big to strong.