Throughout the whole process of pellet feed processing, in addition to the feed formula, the processes affecting the particle hardness of the pellet feed include: the crushing process of the raw material; the puffing process of the raw material; the mixing of the raw materials, the adding of water, the fuel injection process; the steam pre-tempering process; Selection of molds in the granulation process; post-maturing, post-spraying processes; drying and cooling processes. Feed pellets 1, the impact of the crushing process on the hardness of the particles The factor that plays a decisive role in the hardness of the pulverization process is the pulverization particle size of the raw material: in general, the finer the pulverization particle size of the raw material, the easier the starch is gelatinized during the tempering process, and the stronger the bonding effect in the granule material, the granule The less likely to break, the greater the hardness. In actual production, according to the production performance of different animals and the size of the ring mold pore size, the crushing particle size is required to be appropriately adjusted. Crushing section 2, the impact of the expansion process of raw materials on the hardness of the particles By puffing the raw material, the toxin in the raw material can be removed, the bacteria can be killed, the harmful substances can be eliminated, the protein in the raw material can be denatured, and the starch can be fully gelatinized. At present, the expanded raw materials are mainly used for the production of high-grade suckling pigs and special aquatic materials. For special aquatic materials, after the raw materials are expanded, the degree of gelatinization of the starch increases, and the hardness of the shaped particles also increases, which is beneficial to improving the stability of the particles in water. For suckling pigs, the granules are required to be crispy and not too hard, which is beneficial to the feeding of suckling pigs. However, the puffed pig granules have a high degree of gelatinization of the starch, and the hardness of the feed granules is also large. Raw material expansion process 3, the impact of raw material mixing, water addition, fuel injection process on the hardness of the particles The mixing of raw materials can improve the uniformity of various particle size components, and is beneficial to maintain the particle hardness substantially consistent and improve product quality. In the production of hard pellet feed, adding 1% to 2% of water in the mixer is beneficial to improve the stability and hardness of the pellets. However, due to the increase in moisture, it has a negative effect on the drying and cooling of the particles. Also unfavorable for the storage of the product. In the production of wet pellet feed, up to 20% to 30% of water can be added to the powder, and about 10% of water is added during the mixing process, which is easier to add during the quenching and tempering process. The particles after forming the high moisture material have small hardness, wet and good palatability. This type of wet pellet feed can be used in large-scale aquaculture enterprises. Wet pellets are generally difficult to store, and are generally required to be fed immediately. The addition of grease during the mixing process is a grease addition process commonly used in feed production plants. The addition of 1% to 2% of oil and fat reduces the hardness of the particles, and the hardness of the particles can be significantly reduced by adding 3% to 4% of the oil. Mixed process 4, the effect of steam quenching and tempering process on the hardness of the grain Steam quenching and tempering is the key process in the processing of pellet feed. The quenching and tempering effect directly affects the internal structure and appearance quality of the pellet. Steam quality and quenching and tempering time are two important factors affecting the quenching and tempering effect. High-quality dry saturated steam can provide more heat to increase the temperature of the material, gelatinize the starch, and the longer the conditioning time, the degree of starch gelatinization. The higher the grain structure after forming, the denser the structure, the better the stability and the greater the hardness. For fish feed, double or multi-layer jackets are generally used to adjust the quenching temperature and prolong the conditioning time. It is more conducive to improving the stability of the fish granules in water, and the hardness of the granules is correspondingly increased. Conditioner 5, the impact of granulation mold on the hardness of the grain The technical parameters such as the pore size and compression ratio of the ring die of the feed granulator affect the hardness of the particles. The hardness of the particles formed by the ring with the same pore diameter and different compression ratios increases with the increase of the compression ratio. By selecting a suitable compression ratio ring mold, it is possible to produce particles of suitable hardness. The length of the particles has a significant effect on the pressure bearing capacity of the particles. In the case of particles of the same diameter, the longer the particle length, the greater the hardness measured. Adjusting the position of the cutter and maintaining the proper particle length keeps the hardness of the particles substantially the same. The cross-sectional shape of the particle diameter also has a certain influence on the hardness of the particle. In addition, the material of the ring mold also has a certain influence on the appearance quality and hardness of the particles, and the granular feed produced by the ordinary steel ring mold and the stainless steel ring mold has obvious differences. Feed pellet machine ring mold 6, the effect of post-maturing, post-spraying process on the hardness of the particles The post-maturing and post-spraying processes are used less in the production process of livestock and poultry feed, and are widely used in the production process of fish feed and special aquatic products. The post-aging can fully gelatinize the starch inside the particles, make the internal structure of the particles more dense, prevent the infiltration of water, improve the stability of the aquatic feed particles in water, and also improve the hardness of the particles. Spraying section 7, the effect of drying, cooling process on the hardness of the particles In order to prolong the storage time of feed products and ensure the quality of the products within a certain period of time, it is necessary to carry out the necessary drying and cooling treatment of the feed pellets. In the test for determining the hardness of the particles, it was found that the hardness of the particles was not affected by the cooling time by the hardness of the particles when the cooling time was different for the same product, and the particles with higher hardness were cooled. The time is lengthened and the particle hardness is reduced. This may be because as the water inside the particles is lost, the brittleness of the particles increases, affecting the hardness of the particles. At the same time, after the rapid cooling of the particles and the slow cooling of the small air volume, it is found that the hardness of the former is lower than that of the latter, and the surface crack of the particles is increased. It is also worth mentioning that the large hard particles are broken, and the large particles become small particles, which can significantly reduce the hardness of the particles. Particle drying section In the processing of pellet feed, there are far more factors affecting the hardness of the pellet. With more and more researchers who are keen on feed processing technology, more and more methods to control the hardness of the pellet are People are in control and believe that in the near future, we can process pellets of all kinds of animal preferences. 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