The difference between "paint" and "coating" and the classification of coatings

This question we first talk about how the industry sees

There is only a paint forum in our live home forum, but there is no paint forum. This is because the understanding of paint and paint in the industry has always been the same.

Therefore, in the terminology clause of the national standard, there is only the terminology standard for paint, but the outside world often divides the two and considers it to be two different types of products.

The two distinct perceptions of the industry and the outside world have not only caused confusion in the nature of commodities, but also caused confusion in the nature of the industry.

What's more, some local governments reportedly place their paints under rigorous control over flammable and explosive dangerous goods, while paints are not managed as dangerous goods. As a result, some newly-built paint manufacturers began to exploit the loopholes of the policy, obviously producing a solvent-based paint. However, when the name of the plant was established, the name “paint” was deliberately evaded and the name was paint factory or special paint company, etc. Dangerous goods enterprise supervision. This is really the use of the basic concept of confusion in speculation.

The national standard (GB 5206.1) is based on the glossary of the vocabulary standard for paints and varnishes. The paint is defined as follows:

A generic name for a class of liquid or solid materials that can be applied to the surface of an object to form a solid coating with protection, decoration, or special properties (such as insulation, corrosion protection, signs, etc.). In the early days, vegetable oil was the main raw material, so it was called paint. Synthetic resins have largely or entirely replaced vegetable oils and are called paints.

From this it can be seen that paint and paint are a thing

What are the categories of coatings?

First, acrylic latex paint: Acrylic latex paint is generally composed of acrylic emulsion, pigment, water, additives. With the advantages of moderate cost, excellent weather resistance, good performance adjustability, no organic solvent release, etc., it is a kind of coating product that has developed very rapidly recently. Mainly used for interior and exterior wall coating of buildings, leather coating and so on. Lately there have been new varieties of latex paints for wood, latex paints for self-crosslinking. Acrylic emulsion paint can be divided into pure acrylic, styrene-acrylic, silicone-acrylic, vinegar-acrylic and other varieties according to the different emulsions.

Second, solvent-based acrylic paint: Solvent-based acrylic paint has excellent weather resistance, high mechanical properties, is currently developing a class of coatings. Solvent-based acrylic paints can be classified into self-drying acrylic paints (thermoplastic) and cross-linked curing acrylic paints (thermosetting), the former being non-transformable paints and the latter being conversion paints. Self-drying acrylic paint is mainly used in architectural coatings, plastic coatings, electronic coatings, road marking paints, etc. It has the advantages of rapid drying, easy construction, protection and obvious decorative effects. The disadvantage is that the solid content is not easy to be too high, and the hardness and elasticity are not easy to take into consideration. A thick coating film cannot be obtained in one construction and the fullness of the coating film is not ideal. Cross-linked curing acrylic paints mainly include acrylic amino paints, acrylic polyurethane paints, acrylic alkyd paints, and radiation-cured acrylic paints. Widely used in automotive coatings, electrical coatings, wood coatings, architectural coatings and other aspects. Cross-linked curing acrylic paints generally have a high solid content, a thick coating can be obtained in a single coating, and excellent mechanical properties, can be made of high weather resistance, high fullness, high elasticity, high hardness coating. The disadvantage is two-component coating, construction is troublesome, many varieties also need heat curing or radiation curing, relatively high environmental conditions, generally require better equipment, more skilled coating techniques.

Third, polyurethane paint: Polyurethane paint is a relatively common type of paint, can be divided into two-component polyurethane paint and one-component polyurethane paint. Two-component polyurethane coatings are generally composed of an isocyanate prepolymer (also called a low-molecular-weight ester polymer) and a hydroxyl group-containing resin, and are generally called a curing agent component and a main agent component. There are many types of this type of coating, and the application range is also very wide. According to the different hydroxyl-containing components, it can be divided into acrylic polyurethane, alkyd polyurethane, polyester polyurethane, polyether polyurethane, epoxy polyurethane and other varieties. Generally have good mechanical properties, high solids content, all aspects of performance are better. It is a type of paint that is currently promising. The main application directions include wood coatings, automotive repair coatings, anti-corrosion coatings, floor coatings, electronic coatings, and specialty coatings. The disadvantage is that the construction process is complex, the construction environment is very demanding, and the paint film is prone to defects. One-component polyurethane coatings mainly include urethane oil coatings, moisture curing polyurethane coatings, and closed polyurethane coatings. The application surface is not as wide as the two-component coating and is mainly used for floor coatings, anti-corrosion coatings, pre-coil coatings, etc. The overall performance is not as good as the two-component coating.

4. Nitro-lacquer: Nitro-lacquer is a relatively common wood and decoration coating. The advantages are good decorative effect, simple construction, rapid drying, low requirements on the coating environment, good hardness and brightness, less prone to paint film defects, and easy repair. Disadvantages are lower solids content, more work lanes are needed to achieve better results; durability is not very good, especially with nitro-lacquer for interior use, its light retention and color retention is not good, it is easy to use for a long time Appeared such as light loss, cracking, discoloration and other ills; paint film protection is not good, not resistant to organic solvents, heat resistance, corrosion resistance. The main film forming material of nitrolacquer is mainly based on ***, together with alkyd resin, modified rosin resin, acrylic resin, amino resin and other soft and hard resins. Generally, it is necessary to add plasticizers such as dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl ester, and castor oil. Solvents include true solvents such as esters, ketones and alcohol ethers, cosolvents such as alcohols, and diluents such as benzenes. Nitro-lacquer is mainly used for the coating of wood and furniture, home decoration, general decorative painting, metal painting, and general cement painting.

Epoxy lacquer: Epoxy lacquer is a type of industrial coating that has developed very rapidly in recent years. In general, coatings that contain more epoxy groups in the composition are collectively referred to as epoxy lacquers. The main varieties of epoxy paints are two-component coatings composed of epoxy resins and curing agents. There are also some single-component self-drying varieties, but their performance is somewhat different from that of two-component coatings. The main advantage of epoxy paint is strong adhesion to inorganic materials such as cement and metal; the paint itself is very resistant to corrosion; excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance, impact resistance; can be made of solvent-free or high solids coating; , Heat, water resistance; coating film is non-toxic. The disadvantage is poor weather resistance, long-term sunlight may appear powdering phenomenon, which can only be used for primer or interior paint; poor decoration, gloss is not easy to maintain; higher requirements for the construction environment, low temperature coating Curing is slow and the effect is not good; many varieties require high temperature curing, and the investment in painting equipment is large. Epoxy resin coating is mainly used for floor coating, automotive primer, metal corrosion, chemical corrosion and so on.

6. Amino paint: The amino paint mainly consists of two parts, one of which is an amino resin component, mainly butyl ether melamine formaldehyde resin, methyl ether melamine formaldehyde resin, butyl ether urea formaldehyde resin, etc. Resin. The second is the hydroxy resin part, mainly including medium and short oil alkyd resins, hydroxy acrylic resins, epoxy resins and the like. In addition to urea-aldehyde resin paints (commonly known as acid-curing paints) used for wood coatings, amino paints require heat curing. The curing temperature is generally above 100°C, and the curing time is more than 20 minutes. The cured paint film has excellent performance, the film is hard and full, bright and beautiful, strong and durable, and has a very good decorative effect and protection. Disadvantages are high requirements for painting equipment, high energy consumption, not suitable for small-scale production. Amino paints are mainly used for automotive finishes, furniture finishes, household appliances, various metal surfaces, instrumentation, and industrial equipment.

Seven, alkyd paint: alkyd paint is mainly composed of alkyd resin. Is the largest domestic production of a class of coatings. It has the advantages of cheap price, simple construction, low requirement for construction environment, full and hard coating film, good durability and weather resistance, and good decorative and protective properties. The disadvantages are that the drying is slow and the coating film does not easily meet the high requirements and is not suitable for high decorative applications. Alkyd paint is mainly used for general wood furniture, furniture and home decoration painting, general metal decoration painting, low-demand metal anti-corrosion coating, general agricultural machinery, automobiles, instruments, industrial equipment painting and so on.

8. Unsaturated polyester paint: Unsaturated polyester paint is also a kind of paint that has developed rapidly recently. It is divided into two categories: air-drying unsaturated polyester and radiation-curing (photo-curing) unsaturated polyester. The main advantage is that it can be made into a solvent-free coating. A thick brush can be obtained with a single brushing. The requirements for the coating temperature are not high, and the paint film has a good decorative effect. The film is tough and wear-resistant and easy to maintain. The disadvantage is that the shrinkage of the paint film is large when curing, and the adhesion to the substrate is prone to problems. The air-drying unsaturated polyester generally needs polishing treatment, the procedures are relatively cumbersome, and the radiation-cured unsaturated polyester has more requirements for the coating equipment. High, not suitable for small production. Unsaturated polyester paint is mainly used for furniture, wooden flooring, metal anti-corrosion and so on.

Nine, alkenyl paint: Vinyl paint, including vinyl chloride copolymer resin paint, polyvinyl butyral paint, vinylidene chloride, perchloroethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene paint and other varieties. The main advantages of vinyl paint are weather resistance, chemical resistance, water resistance, insulation, mildew resistance, and good flexibility. The disadvantages are mainly in terms of heat resistance, difficulty in making high-solid coatings, general mechanical properties, and poor decorative properties. Vinyl paint is mainly used in industrial anti-corrosion coatings, electrical insulation coatings, phosphating primers, metal coatings, and exterior coatings.

X. Phenolic paint: Phenolic resin is a product in which phenol and aldehyde are condensed in the presence of a catalyst. The paint industry mainly uses oil-soluble phenolic resin paints. Phenolic paint has the advantages of fast drying, bright and hard film, good water resistance and chemical resistance. The disadvantage is that it is easy to turn yellow, and it is not suitable to make light-colored paint and poor weather resistance. Phenolic paint is mainly used in anti-corrosion coatings, insulating coatings, general metal coatings, general decorative coatings and so on.