The emergency rescue knowledge in our lives (2)

The basic knowledge of emergency rescue at the construction site includes basic knowledge of emergency rescue, general knowledge of how to use emergency equipment , first-aid knowledge of electric shock, knowledge of trauma rescue, first aid knowledge about poisoning and heat stroke, and first-aid emergency measures for infectious diseases. Understanding and mastering these basic basic knowledge of first aid is We are an important part of our security work.

First, Poisoning and Heat Stroke First Aid Knowledge Poisoning on the construction site mainly includes food poisoning, gas poisoning, and toxic gas poisoning. Heat stroke refers to the fact that personnel are at high cost because of the high volume of curtains.

1. Rescue of food poisoning (1) Immediately send the patient to the nearest hospital or call emergency telephone l20. (2) Timely report to the person in charge of the site and the local health and epidemic prevention department, and keep the remaining food for inspection. (3) It was found that when patients had abnormal symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea after eating, try to make the patient drink plenty of water to stimulate the throat to vomit.

3. Rescue of toxic gas poisoning (1) Immediately report the person in charge of the site and related departments. When there is no rescue condition at the site, call 11 or 120 in time to call for help. (2) When a poisonous gas poisoning occurs during construction under a well (ground), personnel at the well (ground) must never blindly go to the rescue: they must send air to the accident site. The rescue personnel must be equipped with safety protection equipment to be able to continue to save lives. 4, the heat stroke rescue (l) rapid transfer. Move the heat-strokers quickly to a cool, ventilated place. Unhook the clothes, take off the shoes, and let them lie flat. Do not raise your head. (2) cooling. Rub the body with cold water or 50070 alcohol until the skin becomes red and the blood vessels expand to promote heat dissipation. (3) Supplement water and inorganic salts. Patients who can drink water should encourage them to drink enough cold salted water or other beverages. Those who cannot drink water should be given intravenous fluids. (4) timely treatment of respiratory and circulatory failure. In the case of respiratory failure, niclosamide or saponin can be injected. When circulatory failure occurs, sedative drugs such as luminazine can be injected.

(5) When the medical conditions are not perfect, the patients should be closely observed, carefully cared for, and sent to the nearest hospital for emergency treatment.

Second, the first aid measures for infectious diseases As there are many people on the construction site, if it is not properly controlled, it will easily lead to collective infectious diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to take corrective measures to prevent the infection of infectious diseases in large areas.

1. If employees are found to have bad symptoms such as collective fever and cough, they should immediately report to the person in charge of the site and the relevant competent authority to control the patient's isolation and initiate an emergency rescue plan. 2. Immediately send the patient to the hospital for treatment. The accompanying personnel must take protective measures.

3. Isolate and disinfect the places where the cause may occur, and strictly control the re-dissemination of the disease. 4. Strengthen the education and management of on-site staff, implement the responsibility system at all levels, strictly perform employee registration procedures on the spot, and monitor the condition.

Third, fire first aid knowledge In general, the fire must have three conditions, can be fuel (wood, gasoline, etc.), combustion aids (oxygen, etc.) and ignition sources (open flames, fireworks, welding flowers, etc.). All measures to extinguish the initial fire were to destroy the burning conditions that had already occurred. (For detailed relevant knowledge, please read: "Guangdong Construction Engineering Construction Site Fire Safety Guidelines")

1, the basic method of fire emergency

(1) The first priority, followed by a general. Compared with general materials, important materials protect and salvage important materials: the spread of fire is fierce. Compared with other aspects, controlling the spread of fire is the key point.

(2) Proper use of fire extinguishing equipment; water is the most commonly used extinguishing agent, easy to use and abundant in resources, but it should be noted that water can not be used to fight fires with live equipment: The purpose and use of various fire extinguishers are as follows: Acid and alkali fire extinguisher : Turns a little shake or opens the switch, and the medicine is sprayed; it is suitable for fighting an oil fire. Foam fire extinguisher: Turn the fire extinguisher body backwards: it is suitable for fighting fires such as wood, cotton, and paper, and it cannot prevent electrical and oil fires. Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher: Hold the horn in one hand and aim it at the fire source. The other hand can open the switch. It can be used to extinguish valuable instruments and equipment, and it can not extinguish the fire of metal potassium, sodium, magnesium and aluminum. Halon fire extinguisher (1211): First unplug the pin, then hold the pressure switch, press the lever to open the sealing valve, the agent is ejected from the nozzle under the pressure of ammonia gas: suitable for the suppression of flammable liquids, combustible gases and electrical equipment, etc. Fire. (æ±´: 1 2 1 1 Fire extinguisher ceases to be used since January 1st, 2005) Dry powder fire extinguisher: Open the insurance pin, point the nozzle to the fire source, pull out the pull ring, and then eject it: Suitable for fighting petroleum products , paint, organic solvents and electrical equipment and other fires.

(3) When people are evacuated from the fire and encircled by heavy smoke, they should walk or smash through the smoke in a low position. When conditions allow, they can use wet towels to cover their mouths and noses, so as to smoothly withdraw from the smoke area: if it is impossible to escape, You can stretch out your clothes or throw out small objects, giving a signal to save attention.

(4) When evacuating materials, the employees participating in the evacuation shall be organized into groups. The designated person in charge shall first evacuate the passages. Next, the evacuation materials and evacuated materials shall be stacked in a safe area in the upwind direction. The passageway shall not be blocked, and care shall be taken to send them.

(5) First control, then eliminate. For a fire that cannot be extinguished immediately, it is necessary to control the fire first, and when the fire-fighting conditions are met, a full-scale attack will be carried out in one fell swoop.

(6) Saving people is more important than fighting fires. The purpose of fire extinguishing is to open a rescue passage so that trapped people can be rescued.

2. Basic points of first aid for fire The construction site should have a trained fire brigade: In the event of a fire, the fire brigade must be given first aid, and other personnel should be evacuated quickly.

(1) The elimination of flying fire, the organization of human monitoring of the buildings around the fire site, and the unfinished flying of open-air material storage sites, and timely extinguishment.

(2) The evacuation of materials, the arrangement of manpower and equipment, the transfer of materials that are threatened by fire to safe areas, and the prevention of the spread of fire.

(3) Active rescue of trapped persons: A fire occurs in the place where people are concentrated. Persons who are familiar with the situation must be guided and actively seek out and rescue trapped people.

(4) Timely warning and organization of the rescue: All employees shall immediately report any fire at any time and place, and participate in and organize the masses to extinguish the fire.

(5) Concentrate on the use of fire extinguishing equipment to control the fire and concentrate the fire fighting force in the main direction of the spread of fire to control the spread of fire.