According to the editor, wheat is the main food crop in China, and the winter wheat planting area accounts for more than 80% of the wheat planting area. Scientific balance of fertilization is a key factor in its high yield. Due to the growth period of up to 8 months, the amount and proportion of nutrients absorbed by winter wheat are different at different growth stages. Therefore, experts suggest that the fertilization method should be scientifically determined according to the period of fertilizer demand and fertilizer efficiency. Yarn Feeder Accessories,Yarn Feeder Parts,Yarn Feeder Metal Accessories,Yarn Feeder Spare Parts Changzhou Longfu Knitting Co., Ltd. , https://www.czcircularmachine.com
Winter wheat fertilization: timely land is the key
1
The law of needs to be mastered by
The winter wheat has experienced eight stages of emergence, tillering, wintering, regreening, jointing, booting, grain filling and maturity. In different growth stages, the amount and proportion of NPK absorption are different. To achieve scientific fertilization, the wheat should be firstly identified. Nutritional characteristics and fertilizer requirements.
Before wintering, winter wheat has little nutrient demand, mainly nitrogen, accounting for 10% to 14% of the total nutrient uptake, and the ratio of phosphorus to potassium is less than 10%. However, at this time, the wheat seedlings are small, the roots are weak, and the nutrient supply is Sensitivity is strong, nutrient supply must be guaranteed; after winter, with the increase of temperature and the increase of wheat population, the nutrient uptake increases rapidly, and it will not slow until the heading and flowering, especially potassium, and stop absorption after flowering. From the jointing to the flowering stage, it is the peak period of nutrient absorption of winter wheat. The total nutrient requirement of 55% of nitrogen, 80% of phosphorus and 90% of potassium in the whole growth period are at this stage. After flowering until maturity, it is necessary to absorb 28% of nitrogen and a very small amount of phosphorus, and basically no longer absorb potassium.
In general, about two-thirds of the nutrients absorbed by high-yielding wheat, especially nitrogen, come from the soil. Therefore, improving soil fertility is a key measure to achieve sustained high yield of wheat. The purpose of fertilization is not only to provide nutrients for the high yield of seasonal crops, but more importantly to supplement the soil nutrients absorbed by the growth of seasonal crops, laying the foundation for high yields of the next season crops.
According to the study, for every 100 kg of winter wheat kernels, about 3.1 kg of nitrogen (N), 1.1 kg of phosphorus (P2O5), and 3.2 kg of potassium (K2O) are required. The ratio of the three is about 2.8:1:3; The total amount of NPK absorption increased accordingly.
The accumulation and distribution of nutrients in the growth stages of winter wheat in different growth stages mainly change with the transfer of growth centers. The nitrogen absorbed in the seedling stage is mainly used for the establishment of vegetative organs such as tillers and leaves. It is mainly used for stems and stalks during the jointing to flowering stage. After flowering, it mainly flows to the grains; the accumulation and distribution of phosphorus is similar to that of nitrogen, but The absorption is much smaller than that of nitrogen, and the amount of potassium transferred to the kernel is small, and more than 80% remains in the straw.
2
Seven major problems must be avoided
Summarizing the status of winter wheat fertilization, we can find seven common problems, farmers should pay attention to avoid.
First, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is insufficient. With the improvement of rural conditions, the enthusiasm of farmers to build farmyard manure has decreased, and the aquaculture industry has gradually shifted from farmer households to large-scale breeding. The number of farmer manure and manure has decreased, while the utilization rate of large-scale livestock and poultry manure resources is not high. The amount of organic fertilizer applied is insufficient.
Second, the structure of chemical fertilizer application is unreasonable. Many farmers have determined that the amount of chemical fertilizers does not take into account soil nutrient content and wheat yield levels, and blind fertilization is more serious. Especially with the increase of total wheat yield, the amount of chemical fertilizer is increasing, and the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer is generally excessive, resulting in an increase in inefficient tillering, weak stems, resistance to lodging, cold, and disease resistance, often suffering from winter frost damage and spring cold damage. In the middle and late stages, pests and diseases are aggravated, and it is easy to fall, which affects the yield.
Third, the straw returning to the field does not increase the application of nitrogen fertilizer. Returning straw to the field is an effective measure to solve the problem of organic fertilizer deficiency, but many farmers do not have the mastery of the technology, and no nitrogen fertilizer is added after the straw is returned to the field. In the process of rot, the straw should absorb and consume a certain amount of nitrogen. If the application of nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient, there will be straw rot and wheat seedlings competing for nitrogen to cause "yellow weak seedlings".
Fourth, the fertilization method is unreasonable. In some low-yield fields or poor soil areas in winter wheat producing areas, there is a “one-shot†fertilization method, that is, the whole planting period is applied to the soil, and all the fertilizers are applied to the soil at one time, and no longer topdressing during the growth period. On the one hand, due to the limitation of irrigation conditions, the fertilizer and water are not coordinated, and “one shelling†affects the effect of fertilizer; on the other hand, the nitrogen requirement of winter wheat before returning to green is less than 30%, but in some areas, the disposable nitrogen fertilizer is 40%-50 in the returning period. %, even as high as 70%.
The fifth is improper time for topdressing. In most winter wheat fields, spring topdressing is carried out in the regreening stage. Early spring is the key period for wheat spring tillering and basal internode elongation. Premature topdressing often results in excessive inefficient tillers, wheat field groups are too large, stems are weak, and the base is weak. The internodes are too long; it will also cause the field to be closed in the middle and late stages of wheat growth, poor ventilation and light transmission, and the disease such as powdery mildew will be aggravated, which will lead to lodging in the later stage and affect the yield and quality of wheat.
Sixth is to ignore the application of trace element fertilizers. Trace elements are also essential nutrients for the growth and development of winter wheat. Winter wheat lacks certain trace elements, which can cause poor growth and reduce production. In recent years, with the increase of wheat yield, the consumption of trace elements in soil has increased, and the lack of trace elements has appeared in many plots, especially those with insufficient application of organic fertilizer or organic fertilizer.
Seven is the blind application of new fertilizers. At present, the quality of new types of fertilizers on the market is uneven. Some of the scientific and technological content is not high and excessive speculation, resulting in unclear understanding of farmers, blind application in the case of unclear investment direction and unclear application methods, resulting in reduced production and economic losses.
3
Five measures to deal with
Farmers can actively deal with existing problems from five aspects:
First, increase the application of organic fertilizer, and promote the application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. In the winter wheat-summer maize two-year area, vigorously promote corn stalk returning and wheat high stubble, research and develop effective straw returning operation procedures.
The second is to reduce the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and implement balanced fertilization. According to the characteristics of soil nutrient resources and wheat yield, a reasonable amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application was determined. According to the supply situation of soil potassium, potassium fertilizer is added in a targeted manner.
The third is the application of nitrogen fertilizer in stages, and the appropriate transfer of nitrogen fertilizer. Winter wheat is topdressed in spring and then moved to the jointing and jointing stage. The medium and high yield fields increase the proportion of topdressing.
The fourth is the rational application of trace element fertilizers. In areas with high yields and insufficient application of organic fertilizers, according to the results of soil survey and fertilizer response, timely supplementation of trace elements such as zinc, boron and manganese.
The fifth is to pay attention to the application of foliar fertilizer. In some winter wheat areas, there is a phenomenon of dry hot wind climate affecting the yield, combined with the prevention of dry hot air “one spray three defensesâ€, focusing on the late application of foliar fertilizer.
4
Scientific fertilization has standard
The amount of winter wheat fertilization, fertilization method and fertilization period should be determined according to the yield level of different fertility wheat fields. On the basis of rational application of organic fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer (mainly NPK) can be referred to the following standards:
(1) Super high-yield fields with an output of more than 500 kg per mu, nitrogen application (N) 14~16 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 7~8 kg, potassium (K2O) 6~8 kg;
(2) High-yield fields with a yield of 400-500 kg per mu, nitrogen application (N) 12~14 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 6~7 kg, potassium (K2O) 5~6 kg;
(3) 300 to 400 kilograms per mu in the producing field, Mushi nitrogen (N) 10 ~ 12 kg phosphorus (P2O5) 4 ~ 6 kg, potassium (K2O) 4 ~ 6 kg;
(4) Low-yield fields with a yield of less than 300 kg per mu, 8 to 10 kg of nitrogen (N), 3 to 5 kg of phosphorus (P2O5), and 2 to 4 kg of potassium (K2O).
Organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and 40%~50% of nitrogen fertilizer are used as base fertilizer. After being planted on the surface of the wheat field, the soil is evenly spread on the surface and then rotated or ploughed to mix the fertilizer with the cultivated soil; the remaining 50%~60% nitrogen fertilizer In the spring of the next year, the winter wheat is in the jointing stage (mid-March to the end of March) combined with watering and application. The gully should be applied deep into the wheat line, then covered with soil and watered to improve fertilizer utilization and reduce nitrogen volatilization loss. Nitrogen fertilizer application in high-yielding wheat field can be divided into 2 times, and 30%~40% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the jointing stage, and 10%~20% of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in heading and flowering stage, which enhances the grain filling intensity of wheat and further increases wheat yield. Has a good effect.
In addition, attention should also be paid to “one spray and three preventionsâ€. During the grain filling period of wheat, sprayed with fungicides, insecticides, plant growth regulators and foliar fertilizers on the foliar surface to prevent disease and insects. Prevent premature aging and improve the grain filling effect.
Total 1 | <First <Prev 1 Next> Last> |
share to: