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3.1 History of Drilling Force Modeling Over the past few decades, many methods for predicting drilling forces have been reported, most of which are used for standard twist drills. Due to the lack of advanced computer and measuring equipment, early research focused on the establishment of simple empirical torque and axial force models. The model parameters are the geometric parameters of the drill bit (such as drill diameter) and the amount of cutting. The modeling method is through a large number of The cutting experiment uses statistical methods to fit the empirical formula of the drilling force.
The drilling force model established by the analytical method gradually emerges as people become more aware of the cutting process. In 1955, Oxford used a micrograph to record the chip deformation process of the main and chisel edges of the drill bit. It was found through experiments that there are three main cutting areas on the drill tip during the drilling process, namely the main cutting zone. The cutting edge of the cutting edge (the chisel edge) and the scribing area near the core. Later, Shaw MC and Oxford CJ Jr demonstrated the importance of the chisel edge in drilling because it produced 50% to 60% of the axial force. In 1966, Cook NH proposed a method for deriving the formula of drilling force using semi-analytical methods. Shaw MC (1962, 1984) based on the in-depth study of the chip deformation mechanism, proposed the chip deformation model of the main edge of the drill bit. Williams AR (1974) proposed a cutting force model for the main edge of a bit based on a two-point cutting model of a single point tool and determined the diameter of the bit scoring area. Armarego EJA (1972) applied the bevel cutting theory and proposed a prediction model for the cutting force of the plane drill tip. Wiriyacosol S (1979) et al. based on the thin shear zone (shear plane) theory of chip deformation, the main and chisel edges of the drill are considered as a series of unit bevel or right angle cutting tools associated with cutting conditions. The cutting force of these unit tools is accumulated to predict the drilling force, that is, the unit tool linear synthesis method. Based on the theory of shear planes, Oxley CJ Jr (1959, 1962), Armarego EJA (1972, 1979) and Waston AR (1985) established different drilling force models; Stepenson DA (1988, 1989) Year) A mathematical method for calculating the drilling force is proposed.
3.2 Development of Drilling Force Modeling The study of drilling force modeling is in-depth as people develop new types of drills and drilling processes. Wu SM et al. have done a lot of work in establishing a group drilling force model. Among them, Lee SW (1986) and Fuh KH (1987) based on the working cutting angle, using the bevel cutting model for the main cutting edge and the right-angle cutting model for the second cutting edge, the cutting force model of the group drilling is established. Huang HT (1992) et al. proposed a method for predicting the axial force and torque of a group drill using a mechanical model of a conventional twist drill. Armarego EJA and Zhao H (1996) established a thin core core standard twist drill, thin core multi-groove drill and arc center edge twist drill cutting force prediction model. Bhatnagar N (2004) and others studied the unintended damage of the workpiece when drilling anisotropic fiber-reinforced composites with four different drill tips, and established a model for drilling axial force and torque. Sahu SK (2004) et al. proposed a cutting force prediction model with a chip breaker taper taper drill, which is calibrated with a drill bit with four different chip breakers and is suitable for drill bits with any chip breaker shape. . Elhachimi M (1999) developed a cutting force model for high-speed cutting bits using a right-angle and bevel cutting model. When the rotational speed is 4000r/min~18000r/min and the feed rate is 0.12mm/r~0.36mm/r, The experimental results are consistent with the model prediction values. Wang LP (1998) and others proposed to obtain the dynamic mechanical properties of the entire drill bit by vibration analysis of the unit cutters that make up the main and chisel edges, and based on this, established a prediction model of dynamic axial force and torque during the vibration drilling process. .
As the research progressed, the researchers found that the mechanical models that were established in the past could not be applied to the new drill type due to structural differences. To this end, Stepenson DA (1992) used a unit tool bevel cutting force model calibrated with a large number of turning experiments to establish the main blade torque when drilling gray cast iron with any bladed carbide or studded carbide drill. Axial and radial force prediction models. Lin GC (1982) and Watson AR (1985) pointed out that the underestimation of drilling torque and axial force is due to chip evacuation. This discovery eventually led to the generation of unit tool nonlinear synthesis method, and also used analytical methods. It is possible to build a cutting force model for a complex blade bit. Wang JL (1994) studied the chip evacuation during cutting, and applied the unit tool nonlinear synthesis method to establish the cutting force model of any blade bit based on the empirical unit tool bevel cutting force model.