ZHITONG PIPE VALVE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD , https://www.ztongvalve.com
The power supply unit <br> 1.1 Solar Power System solar cell composed of a battery system, and thus battery performance directly affects the operating characteristics of the system.
　　 (1) Battery unit:
Due to technical and data reasons, the power generation of a single battery is very limited. The solar cell in use is a battery system composed of a single battery in series or in parallel, called a battery assembly (array). A single cell is a silicon crystal diode. According to the electronic characteristics of the semiconductor data, when the sunlight is reflected on the PN junction composed of the homogeneous semiconductor materials of the P and N types of different conductivity types, under certain conditions. Solar radiation is absorbed by semiconductor data, producing unbalanced carriers, electrons and holes, in the conduction and valence bands. The same as the PN junction barrier region, there is a strong built-in electrostatic field, so the current density J, the short-circuit current Isc, and the open circuit voltage Uoc can be formed under illumination. If the electrodes are drawn on both sides of the built-in electric field and connected to the load, in theory, the circuit composed of the PN junction, the connecting circuit and the load has a "photogenerated current" flowing, and the solar cell module completes the power to the load P. Output.
Theoretical studies indicate that the peak power Pk of a solar cell module is determined by the local solar uniform radiation intensity and the end of the electrical load (required power).
　　 (2) Electrical energy storage unit:
The direct current generated by the solar cell first enters the storage of the battery, and the characteristics of the battery affect the working efficiency and characteristics of the system. Battery technology is very mature, but its capacity is affected by the end of electricity demand, sunshine time (power generation time). Thus, the battery watt hour capacity and ampere capacity are determined by the predetermined continuous daylightless time.
The main function of 1.2 <br> solar controller solar controller is to make solar power system has been in a power point near the power generation **, ** to achieve efficiency. The charging control usually adopts pulse width modulation technology, that is, PWM control mode, so that the whole system is always running at the left near region of the ** power point Pm. Discharge control mainly refers to when the battery is short of power and the system is faulty, such as when the battery is open or reversed. At present, Hitachi has developed a "sunflower" type controller that can track the control point Pm and track the sun's movement parameters, and the efficiency of the fixed battery assembly is improved by about 50%.
1.3 DC-AC inverter <br> inverter encouraged by the way, can be divided into self-excited oscillation inverter and inverter-excited oscillation. The main function is to invert the DC power of the battery into AC power. After the full-bridge circuit, the SPWM processor is usually modulated, filtered, boosted, etc., and the sinusoidal AC power supply matching the lighting load frequency f and the rated voltage UN is used by the end user of the system.
2. Efficiency of solar power generation system In the solar power generation system, the total efficiency of the system is composed of the PV conversion rate of the battery component, the efficiency of the solar controller, the efficiency of the battery, the efficiency of the inverter, and the efficiency of the load. However, in terms of solar cell technology, the technology and consumption level of other units such as solar controllers, inverters, and lighting loads are much more mature, and the current conversion rate of the system is only about 17%. Therefore, improving the conversion rate of battery components and reducing the unit cost are the key and difficult points of solar power industrialization. Since the advent of solar cells, crystalline silicon has remained the dominant position as the protagonist. At present, the research on the conversion rate of silicon cells mainly involves enlarging the energy absorption surface, such as double-sided batteries, reducing reflection; using the gettering technology to reduce the compounding of semiconductor materials; the battery is ultra-thin; improving the theory and setting up a new model; Concentrated batteries, etc.
3. Solar power generation applications.
3.1 generation - the integration of architectural lighting <br> currently successfully to be integrated solar modules and building components, such as solar roof (top), walls and doors and windows, completed the "PV - architectural lighting integration (BIPV)". In June 1997, the United States announced the "Solar Million Roof Plan" named after the president, and implemented a solar power system for 1 million homes by 2010. Japan’s “New Sunshine Program†has reduced the installed cost of photovoltaic building components to 170-210 yen/W by 2000, the annual output of solar cells to 10MW, and the battery cost to 25-30 yen/W. On May 14, 1999, Germany built the world's first zero-emission solar cell module factory in just one year and two months. It fully supplies electricity with renewable energy and does not emit CO2 during consumption. The south wall of the factory is a PV array glass curtain wall of about 10m high, including the roof PV module. The entire factory building is equipped with 575m2 solar modules, which can provide more than one-third of the power for the building, its wall and The separation of the roof PV module's appearance, color, architectural style and building, and the integration of the surrounding natural environment have reached a very complete harmony. The building is also available in a capacity of about 45 kW. It is supplied by a thermal power plant fueled by natural vegetable oil. The CO2 produced by the design of extinguishing rapeseed oil is fundamentally balanced with the CO2 required for the growth of rapeseed. It is a true zero-emission plant. BIPV also pays attention to the study of architectural decoration art. In the Czech Republic, the German WIP company and the Czech Republic collaborated to build a world-wide color PV curtain wall. In West Bengal, India, 12.5 kW of BIPV was installed for 117 villagers in an island without electricity. Domestic Changzhou Tianhe Aluminum Plate Curtain Wall Manufacturing Co., Ltd. developed a “sun room†to integrate power generation, energy conservation, environmental protection and value-added into one room, and successfully separated optoelectronic technology from building technology, called Solar Building System (SPBS). SPBS has been expertly demonstrated on September 20, 2000. Recently, the first solar-integrated public toilet in China was built in Pudong, Shanghai. All electricity is provided by rooftop solar cells. This will effectively promote the process of industrialization and marketization of solar energy buildings.
3.2 Discussion <br> green lighting green lighting system optimization design, a request to obtain a high light output with low energy consumption, and extend the service life of the lamp. Therefore, the DC-AC inverter design should obtain reasonable filament warm-up time and encourage the voltage and current waveform of the lamp. At present, there are four typical circuits for the solar lighting source excitation method in research and development: 1 self-excited push-pull oscillation circuit, which is preheated by the filament series starter. The main parameters of the light source system are: input voltage DC=12V, output light efficiency>495Lm/branch, lamp rated efficiency 9W, effective life 3200h, continuous opening times>1000 times. 2 self-excited push-pull oscillation (simple) circuit, the main parameters of the light source system are: input voltage DC=12V, lamp power 9W, output light efficiency 315Lm/branch, continuous start times>1500 times. 3 self-excited single-tube oscillation circuit, filament series relay preheating start mode. 4 self-excited single-tube oscillation (simple) circuit and other efficient energy-saving green light source.
Green energy and sustainable development are serious issues facing humanity in this century. The development of new energy sources and the adequate and rational application of existing energy sources have received great attention from governments. As an inexhaustible and clean energy source, solar power generation will be carried out in an unprecedented way. With the deepening of solar energy industrialization process and technology development, its efficiency and cost performance will be improved. It will be widely applied in various fields including BIPV, and will also greatly promote the rapid development of China's “green lighting projectâ€. Carry out.
How does solar equipment generate electricity?
The solar power generation system mainly includes: a solar battery module (array), a solar controller, a battery, an inverter, and a user, that is, a lighting load. Among them, the solar cell module and the battery are power supply systems, the solar controller and the inverter are control and maintenance systems, and the load is a system terminal.