New energy vehicle power battery recycling problem to be broken

With the rising sales of domestic new energy vehicles, the recycling and reuse of new energy vehicles' power batteries has also been put on the agenda.

“In general, the capacity of a power battery below 80% can no longer be used in new energy vehicles, but this does not mean that the battery that has been scrapped has lost value. It can also be used as a storage or related power base station and street light. , low-speed electric body." Yin Chengliang, vice president of Shanghai Jiaotong University Automotive Engineering Research Institute, said.

According to foreign experience, both GM and Nissan have successfully used power battery ladders. "However, as far as I know, all the work involved in this aspect is still in the theoretical stage." Yu Qingjia, founder of China Battery Network, said that in his view, "the country should introduce relevant policies to lead the establishment and encourage enterprises. Participate in and jointly improve the recycling and utilization of power batteries, so as not to repeat the waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by insufficient recycling of lead-acid batteries."

Power battery sales growth

The so-called power lithium battery ladder utilization refers to the secondary use after disassembling, detecting and classifying the power battery after the vehicle is used.

It is understood that before the large-scale promotion and application of new energy vehicles, the domestic lithium battery market consumer demand is mainly concentrated in the 3C field, and because the lithium battery capacity of these products is relatively small, and the cost is not high, so in recycling The use has not received enough attention.

As the sales of new energy vehicles grow, the demand for automotive power batteries is further highlighted.

According to statistics from the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, in the first four months of this year, domestic sales of new energy vehicles reached 10,501 units, a year-on-year increase of 154%. Under the high-speed growth space of the new energy vehicle market, the recovery and reuse of power batteries urgently needs solutions.

According to statistics, in 2013, the domestic lithium battery market demand exceeded 11 million KWH. Among them, the demand for electric vehicle market (mainly refers to new energy vehicles) accounted for 26.52%, exceeding 2.9 million KWH; in 2011, this figure was only About 960,000 KWH. At the same time, according to data provided by the High-tech Lithium-Ion Industry Research Institute, in the first five months of this year, the proportion of domestic lithium-ion batteries consumed by mobile phones and notebook computers decreased by 2 and 4 percentage points respectively, while electric vehicles and energy storage increased by 4 respectively. And 1 percentage point. In the future, with the heavy volume of the new energy vehicle market, the demand for the power lithium battery market will usher in explosive growth.

Compared with 3C products, new energy vehicle power batteries account for up to 30% of the total vehicle cost, and as long as the battery capacity is less than 80%, they can no longer be used in new energy vehicles.

In theory, after the power battery is eliminated, it can be used in new energy distributed power stations, disaster prevention sites, street lights, and communication base stations. "In contrast, energy storage power plants have lower energy density requirements for lithium batteries," Yin Chengliang said.

According to Zhang Qian, deputy general manager of CCID Consulting's Automotive Industry Research Center, if the new energy vehicle power battery ladder utilization can be systematic and scaled, it will undoubtedly reduce the production and use cost of new energy vehicles. According to the introduction, before the implementation of recycling and the increase in scale effect, the cost of the 18650 cylindrical battery used by electric vehicle manufacturer Tesla decreased by about 40% from 2007 to 2012.

"walking stop" battery ladder utilization

"From the current point of view, Beijing and Zhejiang companies, including the State Grid, are all committed to the research on the residual energy of power batteries, investing funds in the use of research projects, but the progress is relatively slow." Industry insiders said.

"The market for electric vehicles has not yet been fully developed. In addition, the use of power batteries is completely feasible in theory, but at the practical level, there are still many obstacles." Luo Huanta, assistant to the president of the High-tech Lithium-Ion Industry Research Institute, said .

However, the problem is not only that. "As far as the current industrial situation is concerned, the battery routes, battery specifications and battery evaluation requirements of different car companies in China vary, resulting in excessive battery models, excessive production dispersion, and also a 'post market. 'That is, the use of the ladder brings more difficulty." Sun Dongdong said.

Beyond the technical level, it is obvious that there are still problems in the industrial chain to be promoted. In Sun Dongdong's view, due to the respective political situation in China's new energy automobile industry chain, it is difficult to take the initiative to take the lead in the use of power battery ladders by operators, battery companies or battery leasing operators.

"Before the relevant industry chain has not yet formed a complete closed loop, it should be promoted by the government to be more appropriate." Yu Qingjiao said.

In the “Energy Conservation and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2012~2020)” issued in July 2012, the relevant government departments clearly proposed “developing power battery recycling management methods and establishing power battery cascade utilization and recycling management systems. Clarify the responsibilities, rights and obligations of all parties involved, and guide power battery manufacturers to strengthen the recycling of used batteries and encourage the development of specialized battery recycling companies. However, the responsibility and responsibility of the recycling process in this plan The undertaker did not make specific provisions.

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