Smart PV Power Plant Solutions Technology White Paper

Smart PV Power Plant Solutions Technology White Paper

Huawei Smart Photovoltaic Power Plant Solution regards the power plant as a customer-deliverable product. It optimizes and innovates the entire process from the construction of the power station to the operation and maintenance, and it integrates digital information technology and photovoltaic technology to realize cross-border integration and realizes no increase in initial investment. , Reduce initial investment, reduce operation and maintenance costs, increase system power generation, and increase the rate of return on investment.

Compared with traditional power plant solutions represented by centralized large-scale machines, smart PV power plant solutions have three significant differences in design concepts: digital photovoltaic power plants, power plants simpler, and global automation and maintenance.

Digital photovoltaic power station: First of all, the intelligent transformation of the existing photovoltaic power generation part is made so that the traditional inverter is not only a power generation component, but also a power conversion, remote control, data acquisition, online analysis, and environmental adaptation equal to The integrated intelligent controller has become the nerve ending and regional control center of the power station; secondly, through the upgrade of the existing low-speed transmission channels such as RS485, the entire power station has formed a converged voice and video communication, rapid and flexible deployment, and maintenance-free high-speed interconnection. Network, laying highways with information flow of power stations; finally, the complete information of the power stations collected is uploaded to the cloud storage, and big data analysis and mining engines are used to realize the intelligent management of power stations and the continuous optimization of power station performance.

To make the power station simpler: there are no redundant facilities such as inverter rooms and DC bus boxes, and no fragile parts such as fuses, fans, etc., to achieve the simplification and standardized delivery of the power station. All components of the power station can meet the sand, salt fog, and high temperature. Wealth, high altitude and other complex environments, 25 years of maintenance-free, reliable operation of the quality requirements, construction and operation and maintenance more simple, to maximize the protection of customer investment.

Global automation operation and maintenance: In addition to the initial investment and power generation concern, with the increase in the size of the power station inventory, the distribution of the power station is becoming wider and wider, and the importance of power station operation and maintenance within the 25-year life cycle is gradually increasing. Intelligent photovoltaic power plant solutions provide digital, integrated photovoltaic power plant platforms, and provide global, integrated, full-process automated management and operation and maintenance methods to improve the operation and maintenance efficiency and reduce the operation and maintenance costs, making it possible for globalized operation and maintenance to be fully realized. Play scale operational effects.

Through innovative ideas such as fully digital power stations, simpler power stations, and automated operation and maintenance, the company will create smart, efficient, safe, and reliable smart photovoltaic power plant solutions that will ultimately maximize the value of power plants held and operated by customers.

Intelligent photovoltaic power plant solution technical characteristics and customer value

Compared to traditional power plants represented by centralized large machines, smart photovoltaic power plants have a series of advantages that do not increase system investment, high investment yield and availability, and are specifically expressed in the following aspects:

1. No increase in initial investment. Due to the simple design, no DC bus box and DC power distribution cabinet, no civil engineering room, and simple parts installation, the initial investment cost of smart PV power plant is not higher than that of traditional photovoltaic power plants. At the same time, due to the small size, light weight, and standardization of smart photovoltaic controllers (string inverters), large-scale manufacturing can be carried out through automated assembly lines. The labor cost accounts for a relatively small proportion and has obvious scale advantages.

2. The internal rate of return (IRR) of smart photovoltaic power plants is more than 3% higher than that of conventional power plants. Due to the adoption of multi-channel MPPT, multi-peak tracking and other advanced technologies, effectively reducing the impact of PV array loss such as component attenuation, shadow shielding, inconsistent construction and installation, terrain inconsistency, and DC voltage drop, the system's PR (Performance Ratio) value reaches over 82%. Compared with the traditional scheme, the average power generation increased by more than 5%, and the internal rate of return IRR increased by more than 3%.

3, 25 years of reliable operation of the system maintenance-free design. The intelligent controller adopts IP65 protection class to achieve internal and external environment isolation, keeping the device in a stable operating environment, reducing the impact of temperature, sand, salt and other external environment on the device life; the system has no wearing parts, no fuses , Fans and other devices need to be replaced on a regular basis to achieve maintenance-free system; Huawei's design and quality management experience in mass shipments and deployments of Huawei communication base station products is used for 25 years of reliability design and life simulation from the device to the system, plus strict verification. Tests ensure that the system components do not need to be replaced throughout the entire life cycle and are reliable and economical.

4. The actual utilization rate of installed capacity of photovoltaic power stations is high. The annual average number of failures of intelligent photovoltaic power stations is 30% less, and the impact of system failures on power generation is only 1/10 of that of traditional solutions. The cost of maintenance outside the warranty period is only 1/5 of that of traditional solutions. The traditional photovoltaic power plant is essentially a series system. The failure of any component such as the DC combiner box, the DC power distribution cabinet, the equipment room cooling and auxiliary power supply equipment, and the inverter inverter will cause partial or total photovoltaic power generation losses. Due to the need for professional maintenance, the repair cycle is long and costly. The smart photovoltaic power plant has a simple structure and is essentially a distributed parallel system. The failure of a single inverter does not affect the operation of other equipment. It is also easy to install and maintain due to its small size and light weight. The availability of the system.

5, group-level intelligent monitoring and multi-channel MPPT tracking technology to ensure that the power station is "visual, trusted, manageable and controllable." The intelligent photovoltaic power station conducts independent voltage and current detection for each input string, and the detection accuracy is more than 10 times that of the traditional intelligent convergence box solution. It lays a foundation for accurately locating string failures and improving the operation and maintenance efficiency. Multi-channel MPPT technology reduces the impact of low shading, dust, and string mismatch, and generates more than 5% of power generation under flat terrain. It reduces the influence of different orientations and shadows on rooftops and mountain power stations, increasing power generation by 8-10%. With the use of its tracking system, the tracking controller is integrated with the controller, enabling independent tracking of the stand, increasing power generation, intelligent controller and tracking stand as the best partner.

6. Smart photovoltaic power plants are "upgradable and scalable." When the component technology advances and the operating environment changes, the software of the intelligent controller can be remotely upgraded online, backward compatible with design features, and without the need to replace the online operating equipment, the latest technological achievements can be enjoyed through the algorithm upgrade and maximize reuse. Existing equipment.

7. Smart grid adaptive technology to achieve grid friendly. Utilizing the advantages of high-speed processing capability, high sampling and control frequency, and control algorithms of intelligent controllers, it actively adapts to changes in the power grid and achieves better multi-machine parallel control. Better harmonic quality of grid connection, better meet grid access requirements, and improve adaptability in harsh grid environments.

8, active safety. Reduce the distance of DC transmission and achieve active safety. DC's safe transmission and protection are both important and difficult. The intelligent photovoltaic power station adopts no DC bus design, and the DC output from the string directly enters the inverter and inverts into AC power for long-distance transmission. It actively avoids the safety and protection problems caused by DC transmission, and reduces the potential safety hazards caused by DC arcing. Make the power station safer.

9, security to avoid the PID effect. The component power attenuation caused by the PID will greatly affect the investment income. The intelligent controller automatically detects the component potential and actively adjusts the system operating voltage so that the negative pole of the battery board does not need to be grounded. The positive pressure is now on the ground and the PID effect is effectively avoided. Since the negative electrode of the battery plate does not need to be grounded, the residual current monitoring circuit inside the inverter can be used to cut off the circuit within 150 ms when the leakage current is detected to be greater than 30 mA, thereby realizing active safety.

10, smart and efficient operation and maintenance. Globalized, hierarchically deployed power plant management and operation and maintenance systems allow power stations deployed in different locations to logically be managed as one power station. The headquarters can comprehensively grasp the comparison of the operation and income of each power station, and lay the foundation for assessment and management improvement. Power stations distributed throughout the country can implement a wide range of inspections through drones, and front-line personnel can realize real-time interactions with video, voice, location, and fault information of the expert operation and maintenance team at headquarters through a customized operation and maintenance intelligent terminal. The front and rear remote cooperative operation and maintenance reduces the skill requirements of the front-line operation and maintenance personnel, maximizes the reuse of headquarters expert resources, optimizes the personnel's configuration, and improves the maintenance efficiency of the system.

11, the introduction of big data analysis engine and expert operation and maintenance system, timely detection of potential defects, and mining revenue improvement space. Through real-time data collection, cloud storage, and on-line expert analysis systems, the power station can automatically perform physical examinations, and give maintenance proposals based on maximizing revenue, such as cleaning suggestions, parts replacement, and maintenance suggestions, to achieve preventive maintenance; accumulate long-term operational data, and comprehensively Analyze the natural environment, such as temperature, exposure, and other environmental factors. Through on-line adjustment or software upgrade of the intelligent control unit algorithm, the power plant can operate in the best matching state in different environments, and maximize the benefits.

12. Smart photovoltaic power plants are environmentally friendly. The intelligent controller has a fanless design and achieves a low environmental noise of 29dB. It does not require a civil engineering room to reduce environmental damage to vegetation and soil. Electromagnetic radiation is small to protect human health. Smart photovoltaic power plants have achieved a harmonious coexistence between humans and the environment, which has greatly increased the scope of application of photovoltaic power plants and created conditions for PV homes. (The author is the general manager of Huawei's inverter products and solutions)

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